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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Molecular Sciences >From Protein Engineering to Immobilization: Promising Strategies for the Upgrade of Industrial Enzymes
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From Protein Engineering to Immobilization: Promising Strategies for the Upgrade of Industrial Enzymes

机译：从蛋白质工程到固定化：工业酶升级的有前途的策略

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摘要

Enzymes found in nature have been exploited in industry due to their inherent catalytic properties in complex chemical processes under mild experimental and environmental conditions. The desired industrial goal is often difficult to achieve using the native form of the enzyme. Recent developments in protein engineering have revolutionized the development of commercially available enzymes into better industrial catalysts. Protein engineering aims at modifying the sequence of a protein, and hence its structure, to create enzymes with improved functional properties such as stability, specific activity, inhibition by reaction products, and selectivity towards non-natural substrates. Soluble enzymes are often immobilized onto solid insoluble supports to be reused in continuous processes and to facilitate the economical recovery of the enzyme after the reaction without any significant loss to its biochemical properties. Immobilization confers considerable stability towards temperature variations and organic solvents. Multipoint and multisubunit covalent attachments of enzymes on appropriately functionalized supports via linkers provide rigidity to the immobilized enzyme structure, ultimately resulting in improved enzyme stability. Protein engineering and immobilization techniques are sequential and compatible approaches for the improvement of enzyme properties. The present review highlights and summarizes various studies that have aimed to improve the biochemical properties of industrially significant enzymes.
机译：由于天然酶在复杂的化学过程中，在温和的实验和环境条件下固有的催化特性，因此已在工业中得到利用。使用酶的天然形式通常难以实现所需的工业目标。蛋白质工程学的最新发展彻底改变了将市售酶发展为更好的工业催化剂的过程。蛋白质工程旨在修饰蛋白质的序列，进而修饰其结构，以产生具有改善的功能特性（例如稳定性，比活性，反应产物抑制作用和对非天然底物选择性）的酶。可溶性酶通常被固定在固体不溶性载体上，以便在连续过程中重复使用，并促进反应后酶的经济回收，而不会对其生物化学性质造成任何重大损失。固定赋予温度变化和有机溶剂相当大的稳定性。酶通过连接子在适当功能化的支持物上的酶的多点和多亚基共价连接为固定的酶结构提供了刚性，最终导致了酶稳定性的提高。蛋白质工程和固定化技术是用于改善酶性质的连续且兼容的方法。本综述突出并总结了旨在改善工业上重要的酶的生物化学性质的各种研究。

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