首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Molecular Sciences >Novel Nine-Exon AR Transcripts (Exon 1/Exon 1b/Exons 2–8) in Normal and Cancerous Breast and Prostate Cells
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Novel Nine-Exon AR Transcripts (Exon 1/Exon 1b/Exons 2–8) in Normal and Cancerous Breast and Prostate Cells

机译:正常和癌性乳腺癌和前列腺细胞中的新型九-外显子AR转录本(外显子1 /外显子1b /外显子2-8)

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摘要

Nearly 20 different transcripts of the human androgen receptor (AR) are reported with two currently listed as Refseq isoforms in the NCBI database. Isoform 1 encodes wild-type AR (type 1 AR) and isoform 2 encodes the variant AR45 (type 2 AR). Both variants contain eight exons: they share common exons 2–8 but differ in exon 1 with the canonical exon 1 in isoform 1 and the variant exon 1b in isoform 2. Splicing of exon 1 or exon 1b is reported to be mutually exclusive. In this study, we identified a novel exon 1b (1b/TAG) that contains an additional TAG trinucleotide upstream of exon 1b. Moreover, we identified AR transcripts in both normal and cancerous breast and prostate cells that contained either exon 1b or 1b/TAG spliced between the canonical exon 1 and exon 2, generating nine-exon AR transcripts that we have named isoforms 3a and 3b. The proteins encoded by these new AR variants could regulate androgen-responsive reporters in breast and prostate cancer cells under androgen-depleted conditions. Analysis of type 3 AR-GFP fusion proteins showed partial nuclear localization in PC3 cells under androgen-depleted conditions, supporting androgen-independent activation of the AR. Type 3 AR proteins inhibited androgen-induced growth of LNCaP cells. Microarray analysis identified a small set of type 3a AR target genes in LNCaP cells, including genes known to modulate growth and proliferation of prostate cancer (PCGEM1, PEG3, EPHA3, and EFNB2) or other types of human cancers (TOX3, ST8SIA4, and SLITRK3), and genes that are diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer (GRINA3, and BCHE).
机译:报告了近20种人类雄激素受体(AR)的转录本,其中两种目前在NCBI数据库中列为Refseq亚型。同工型1编码野生型AR(1型AR),同工型2编码变体AR45(2 AR型)。这两个变体都包含八个外显子:它们共享相同的外显子2-8,但在同工型1中与典范外显子1和同工型2中的外显子1b在外显子1中有所不同。据报道,外显子1或外显子1b的剪接是互斥的。在这项研究中,我们确定了一个新的外显子1b(1b / TAG),其中包含外显子1b上游的一个附加TAG三核苷酸。此外,我们在正常和癌变的乳腺癌和前列腺细胞中均鉴定出AR转录本,其中包含在标准外显子1和外显子2之间剪接的外显子1b或1b / TAG,生成了9个外显子AR转录本,我们将其命名为亚型3a和3b。这些新的AR变体编码的蛋白质可以在雄激素耗竭条件下调节乳腺癌和前列腺癌细胞中雄激素应答的报告基因。对3型AR-GFP融合蛋白的分析显示,在雄激素耗尽的条件下,PC3细胞中存在部分核定位,从而支持AR的雄激素非依赖性激活。 3型AR蛋白抑制雄激素诱导的LNCaP细胞生长。微阵列分析鉴定了LNCaP细胞中的一小部分3a型AR靶基因,包括已知可调节前列腺癌(PCGEM1,PEG3,EPHA3和EFNB2)或其他类型的人类癌症(TOX3,ST8SIA4和SLITRK3)生长和增殖的基因),以及作为前列腺癌的诊断/预后生物标志物的基因(GRINA3和BCHE)。

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