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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Health Policy and Management >Including Health in Environmental Assessments of Major Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Documentary Analysis
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Including Health in Environmental Assessments of Major Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Documentary Analysis

机译：将健康纳入主要交通基础设施项目的环境评估：文献分析

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>Background: Transport policy and practice impacts health. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are regulated public policy mechanisms that can be used to consider the health impacts of major transport projects before they are approved. The way health is considered in these environmental assessments (EAs) is not well known. This research asked: How and to what extent was human health considered in EAs of four major transport projects in Australia. >Methods: We developed a comprehensive coding framework to analyse the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) of four transport infrastructure projects: three road and one light rail. The coding framework was designed to capture how health was directly and indirectly included. >Results: We found that health was partially considered in all four EISs. In the three New South Wales (NSW) projects, but not the one South Australian project, this was influenced by the requirements issued to proponents by the government which directed the content of the EIS. Health was assessed using human health risk assessment (HHRA). We found this to be narrow in focus and revealed a need for a broader social determinants of health approach, using multiple methods. The road assessments emphasised air quality and noise risks, concluding these were minimal or predicted to improve. The South Australian project was the only road project not to include health data explicitly. The light rail EIS considered the health benefits of the project whereas the others focused on risk. Only one project considered mental health, although in less detail than air quality or noise. >Conclusion: Our findings suggest EIAs lag behind the known evidence linking transport infrastructure to health. If health is to be comprehensively included, a more complete model of health is required, as well as a shift away from health risk assessment as the main method used. This needs to be mandatory for all significant developments. We also found that considering health only at the EIA stage may be a significant limitation, and there is a need for health issues to be considered when earlier, fundamental decisions about the project are being made.
机译：>背景：运输政策和实践会影响健康。环境影响评估（EIA）是受监管的公共政策机制，可用于在批准大型运输项目的健康影响之前对其进行考虑。在这些环境评估（EA）中考虑健康的方式尚不清楚。这项研究询问：在澳大利亚的四个主要交通项目的EA中，如何以及在多大程度上考虑了人类健康。 >方法：我们开发了一个综合的编码框架来分析四个交通基础设施项目的环境影响声明（EIS）：三条道路和一条轻轨。编码框架旨在捕获如何直接和间接包括健康状况。 >结果：我们发现在所有四个EIS中都部分考虑了健康。在三个新南威尔士州（NSW）项目中，而不是一个在南澳大利亚州的项目中，这受到政府对EIS内容的指导者对政府发出的要求的影响。使用人类健康风险评估（HHRA）评估健康状况。我们发现这方面的关注点很狭窄，并且表明需要使用多种方法来对健康方法的社会决定因素进行更广泛的确定。道路评估强调空气质量和噪声风险，认为这些风险很小或预计会改善。南澳大利亚州项目是唯一未明确包括健康数据的公路项目。轻轨EIS考虑了该项目的健康益处，而其他方面则着眼于风险。尽管没有空气质量或噪音那么详细，但只有一个项目考虑了心理健康。 >结论：我们的发现表明，EIA落后于将运输基础设施与健康联系起来的已知证据。如果要全面地包括健康，则需要一个更完整的健康模型，以及从使用健康风险评估作为主要方法的转变。对于所有重要的开发，这都是必需的。我们还发现，仅在EIA阶段考虑健康可能是一个重大限制，并且需要在早期就该项目做出基本决策时考虑健康问题。

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