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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Using Remote Sensing and GIS in the Analysis of Ecosystem Decline along the River Niger Basin: The Case of Mali and Niger
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Using Remote Sensing and GIS in the Analysis of Ecosystem Decline along the River Niger Basin: The Case of Mali and Niger

机译：基于遥感和GIS的尼日尔河流域生态系统衰退分析：以马里和尼日尔为例

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In the Sub-Saharan African region of the River Niger Basin, where none of the major rivers is fully contained within the borders of a single nation, riverine ecosystem health monitoring is essential for survival. Even the globally proclaimed goals of sustainability and environmental security in the region are unattainable without using geospatial technologies of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as conduits for environmental health within shared waters. Yet the systematic study of the nature of cooperation between states over shared water resources in troubled areas of the Middle East continues to dominate the literature with minimal coverage of the Sub-Saharan Africa experience and the role of GIS and remote sensing in monitoring the problem. Considering the intense ecosystem stress inflicted on River Niger by human activities and natural forces emanating from upstream and downstream nations. Researching the growing potential for acute riverine ecosystem decline among the nations of Niger and Mali along the River Niger Basin with the latest advances in spatial information technology as a decision support tool not only helps in ecosystem recovery and the avoidance of conflicts, but it has the potentials to bring countries much closer through information exchange. While the nature of the problem remains compounded due to the depletion of available water resources and environmental resources within shared waters, the lack of information exchange extracts ecological costs from all players. This is essential as the Niger Basin nations move towards a multinational watershed management as a conduit for sustainability. To confront these problems, some research questions with relevance to the paper have been posed. The questions include, Have there been any declines in the riverine ecosystem of the study area? What are the effects and what factors trigger the changes? What mitigation measures are in place for dealing with the problems? The first objective of the paper is to develop a new framework for analyzing the health of riverine ecosystems while the second objective seeks a contribution to the literature. The third objective is to design a geo-spatial tool for riverine ecosystem management and impact analysis. The fourth objective is to measure the nature of change in riverine environments with the latest advances in geo-spatial information technologies and methods. In terms of methodology, the paper relies on primary data sources analyzed with descriptive statistics, GIS techniques and remote sensing. The sections in the paper consist of a review of the major environmental effects and factors associated with the problem as well as mitigation measures in Mali and Niger. The paper concludes with some recommendations. The results point to growing modification along the riverine environments of the Mali and Niger portions of the River Niger Basin due to a host of factors.
机译：在尼日尔河流域的撒哈拉以南非洲地区，所有主要河流都没有完全包含在一个国家的边界​​内，河流生态系统健康监测对于生存至关重要。如果不使用遥感和地理信息系统（GIS）的地理空间技术作为共享水域内环境健康的管道，那么即使是该地区全球公认的可持续性和环境安全目标也无法实现。然而，关于中东问题地区国家之间共享水资源的合作性质的系统研究继续在文献中占据主导地位，而对撒哈拉以南非洲的经验以及地理信息系统和遥感在监测问题中的作用的报道却很少。考虑到人类活动和来自上游和下游国家的自然力量对尼日尔河造成的严重生态系统压力。利用空间信息技术作为决策支持工具的最新进展，研究尼日尔河沿尼日尔河沿岸尼日尔和马里各国河流生态系统急剧下降的增长潜力，这不仅有助于生态系统的恢复和避免冲突，而且具有通过信息交流使各国拉近距离的潜力。尽管由于共享水域中可用水资源和环境资源的枯竭，问题的性质仍然更加复杂，但缺乏信息交流会从所有参与者中提取生态成本。这是必不可少的，因为尼日尔盆地国家正朝着跨国流域管理迈进，以此作为可持续发展的渠道。为了解决这些问题，提出了一些与本文有关的研究问题。问题包括：研究区域的河流生态系统有没有下降？有哪些影响和哪些因素触发了变化？采取了哪些缓解措施来解决这些问题？本文的第一个目标是建立一个分析河流生态系统健康的新框架，而第二个目标则是对文献做出贡献。第三个目标是设计一种用于河流生态系统管理和影响分析的地理空间工具。第四个目标是利用地理空间信息技术和方法的最新进展来衡量河流环境变化的本质。就方法论而言，本文依赖于通过描述性统计，GIS技术和遥感分析的主要数据源。本文各节包括对主要环境影响和与该问题相关的因素以及马里和尼日尔的缓解措施的综述。本文最后提出了一些建议。结果表明，由于多种因素，沿尼日尔河流域的马里和尼日尔河段沿河环境的改性作用不断增强。

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