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Analysis of Technological Innovation and Environmental Performance Improvement in Aviation Sector

机译：航空业技术创新与环境绩效改善分析

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The past oil crises have caused dramatic improvements in fuel efficiency in all industrial sectors. The aviation sector—aircraft manufacturers and airlines—has also made significant efforts to improve the fuel efficiency through more advanced jet engines, high-lift wing designs, and lighter airframe materials. However, the innovations in energy-saving aircraft technologies do not coincide with the oil crisis periods. The largest improvement in aircraft fuel efficiency took place in the 1960s while the high oil prices in the 1970s and on did not induce manufacturers or airlines to achieve a faster rate of innovation. In this paper, we employ a historical analysis to examine the socio-economic reasons behind the relatively slow technological innovation in aircraft fuel efficiency over the last 40 years. Based on the industry and passenger behaviors studied and prospects for alternative fuel options, this paper offers insights for the aviation sector to shift toward more sustainable technological options in the medium term. Second-generation biofuels could be the feasible option with a meaningful reduction in aviation’s lifecycle environmental impact if they can achieve sufficient economies of scale.
机译：过去的石油危机已导致所有工业部门的燃油效率显着提高。航空部门（飞机制造商和航空公司）也做出了巨大的努力，通过更先进的喷气发动机，高升力机翼设计和更轻的机身材料来提高燃油效率。但是，节能飞机技术的创新与石油危机时期并不吻合。飞机燃油效率的最大改善发生在1960年代，而1970年代及以后的高油价并没有诱使制造商或航空公司实现更快的创新速度。在本文中，我们使用历史分析来分析过去40年中飞机燃油效率相对缓慢的技术创新背后的社会经济原因。基于研究的行业和乘客行为以及替代燃料选择的前景，本文为航空业在中期向更可持续的技术选择转变提供了见识。如果第二代生物燃料能够实现足够的规模经济，那么它可能是可行的选择，可以显着减少航空生命周期对环境的影响。

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