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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Elsevier Sponsored Documents >Epistemic spillovers: Learning others’ political views reduces the ability to assess and use their expertise in nonpolitical domains
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Epistemic spillovers: Learning others’ political views reduces the ability to assess and use their expertise in nonpolitical domains

机译：认知外溢：了解他人的政治观点会降低评估和使用其非政治领域专业知识的能力

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摘要

On political questions, many people prefer to consult and learn from those whose political views are similar to their own, thus creating a risk of echo chambers or information cocoons. We test whether the tendency to prefer knowledge from the politically like-minded generalizes to domains that have nothing to do with politics, even when evidence indicates that politically like-minded people are less skilled in those domains than people with dissimilar political views. Participants had multiple opportunities to learn about others’ (1) political opinions and (2) ability to categorize geometric shapes. They then decided to whom to turn for advice when solving an incentivized shape categorization task. We find that participants falsely concluded that politically like-minded others were better at categorizing shapes and thus chose to hear from them. Participants were also more influenced by politically like-minded others, even when they had good reason not to be. These results replicate in two independent samples. The findings demonstrate that knowing about others’ political views interferes with the ability to learn about their competency in unrelated tasks, leading to suboptimal information-seeking decisions and errors in judgement. Our findings have implications for political polarization and social learning in the midst of political divisions.
机译：在政治问题上，许多人喜欢向政治观点与自己的观点相似的人咨询和学习，因此存在回声室或信息茧的风险。我们测试了倾向于从具有政治倾向的人那里获取知识的倾向是否普遍化了与政治无关的领域，即使有证据表明具有政治倾向的人在这些领域中的技能也比具有不同政治观点的人低。参加者有多种机会了解其他人的（1）政治观点和（2）对几何形状进行分类的能力。然后，他们决定在解决激励形状分类任务时向谁寻求建议。我们发现，参与者错误地得出以下结论：政治上志同道合的其他人更擅长对形状进行分类，因此选择听取他们的意见。参加者即使在有充分理由不参加的情况下，也受到政治上志同道合的其他人的影响。这些结果复制到两个独立的样本中。研究结果表明，了解他人的政治观点会影响他们了解无关任务能力的能力，从而导致寻求信息的决策和决策错误。我们的发现对政治分歧中的政治分化和社会学习具有启示意义。

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