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A decision support tool to enhance agricultural growth in the Mékrou river basin (West Africa)

机译：决策支持工具以促进梅克鲁河流域（西非）的农业增长

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We describe in this paper the implementation of E-Water, an open software Decision Support System (DSS), designed to help local managers assess the Water Energy Food Environment (WEFE) nexus. E-Water aims at providing optimal management solutions to enhance food crop production at river basin level. The DSS was applied in the transboundary Mékrou river basin, shared among Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger. The primary sector for local economy in the region is agriculture, contributing significantly to income generation and job creation. Fostering the productivity of regional agricultural requires the intensification of farming practices, promoting additional inputs (mainly nutrient fertilizers and water irrigation) but, also, a more efficient allocation of cropland.In order to cope with the heterogeneity of data, and the analyses and issues required by the WEFE nexus approach, our DSS integrates the following modules: (1) the EPIC biophysical agricultural model; (2) a simplified regression metamodel, linking crop production with external inputs; (3) a linear programming and a multiobjective genetic algorithm optimization routines for finding efficient agricultural strategies; and (4) a user-friendly interface for input/output analysis and visualization.To test the main features of the DSS, we apply it to various real and hypothetical scenarios in the Mékrou river basin. The results obtained show how food unavailability due to insufficient local production could be reduced by, approximately, one third by enhancing the application and optimal distribution of fertilizers and irrigation. That would also affect the total income of the farming sector, eventually doubling it in the best case scenario. Furthermore, the combination of optimal agricultural strategies and modified optimal cropland allocation across the basin would bring additional moderate increases in food self-sufficiency, and more substantial gains in the total agricultural income.The proposed software framework proves to be effective, enabling decision makers to identify efficient and site-specific agronomic management strategies for nutrients and water. Such practices would augment crop productivity, which, in turn, would allow to cope with increasing future food demands, and find a balanced use of natural resources, also taking other economic sectors—like livestock, urban or energy—into account.
机译：我们在本文中描述了E-Water（一种开放式软件决策支持系统（DSS））的实现，该系统旨在帮助当地管理人员评估水能食品环境（WEFE）的联系。 E-Water旨在提供最佳管理解决方案，以提高流域的粮食作物产量。 DSS用于贝宁，布基纳法索和尼日尔之间的跨界梅克鲁河流域。该地区地方经济的主要部门是农业，为创造收入和创造就业机会做出了重要贡献。要提高区域农业的生产力，就必须加强耕作方式，增加额外的投入（主要是营养肥料和水灌溉），但还要更有效地分配耕地。为了应对数据的异质性以及分析和问题根据WEFE联系方法的要求，我们的DSS集成了以下模块：（1）EPIC生物物理农业模型； （2）简化的回归元模型，将作物产量与外部投入联系起来； （3）用于寻找有效农业策略的线性规划和多目标遗传算法优化例程； （4）用于输入/输出分析和可视化的用户友好界面。为了测试DSS的主要功能，我们将其应用于梅克鲁地区的各种真实和假设情景。获得的结果表明，如何通过提高肥料和灌溉的施用量以及优化分配，将本地生产不足引起的食物短缺减少大约三分之一。这也将影响农业部门的总收入，在最佳情况下最终会使收入翻番。此外，将最佳农业战略与流域优化耕地分配相结合，将使粮食自给自足程度进一步增加，并增加农业总收入的更多实质性。所提出的软件框架被证明是有效的，使决策者能够确定针对养分和水的有效且针对特定地点的农艺管理策略。这样的做法将提高农作物的生产力，从而使之能够应对日益增长的未来粮食需求，并找到平衡利用自然资源的方式，同时也考虑到其他经济部门，例如牲畜，城市或能源。

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