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Accounting for the environmental benefits of remanufactured products: Method and application

机译：再制造产品的环境效益核算：方法和应用

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Although the importance of reusing products has been stated frequently, both in legislation and by academics, the scientific literature does not provide comprehensive and systematic methods of assessing the reuse of a generic product from an environmental point of view. Moreover, the definitions of reuse provided in the literature and legislation are not always consistent. This article introduces an original classification of different types of reuse, including some suggested definitions. It then focuses on remanufacturing, a type of reuse in which a used product (or its components) is returned to at least its original performance level. The article describes the development of a method for assessing, from a life-cycle perspective, the potential environmental benefits of remanufacturing energy-related products. The method includes several novel aspects: it helps to analyse possible trade-offs between potential environmental impacts and energy efficiency; it allows the independent modelling of some parameters that influence product reuse; and it can be applied even at the early stages of the design process, when some specifications may not yet have been defined. The environmental impacts of a product's life-cycle stages are used as input parameters for the assessment. The method is then applied to an enterprise server, a case-study product for which remanufacturing is a current market practice. A sensitivity analysis is included to check how uncertainties could affect the overall results. The results of the case study show that remanufactured servers, even those that are less energy efficient, can have lower environmental impacts than new ones. For example, reusing some components (e.g. hard disk drives and memory cards) is environmentally beneficial even if the remanufactured server consumes up to 7% more energy than a newly manufactured server. The case study also demonstrates how the method proposed could be used in the context of product policy discussions.
机译：尽管在立法和学术界都经常提到再利用产品的重要性，但是科学文献并未从环境的角度提供评估通用产品再利用的全面系统的方法。此外，文献和法规中提供的重用定义并不总是一致的。本文介绍了不同类型的重用的原始分类，包括一些建议的定义。然后，它专注于再制造，这种再利用是将旧产品（或其组件）至少恢复到其原始性能水平的一种再利用。本文介绍了一种从生命周期角度评估与能源相关产品再制造的潜在环境利益的方法的开发。该方法包括几个新颖的方面：它有助于分析潜在的环境影响和能源效率之间的可能取舍；它允许对影响产品重复使用的某些参数进行独立建模；它甚至可以在设计过程的早期阶段应用，而某些规范可能尚未定义。产品生命周期阶段的环境影响用作评估的输入参数。然后将该方法应用于企业服务器，这是一个案例研究产品，其再制造是当前的市场惯例。包括敏感性分析，以检查不确定性如何影响整体结果。案例研究的结果表明，再制造的服务器，即使是那些能源效率较低的服务器，对环境的影响也要比新服务器低。例如，即使重新制造的服务器比新制造的服务器多消耗多达7％的能量，重新使用某些组件（例如硬盘驱动器和存储卡）在环境方面也是有益的。案例研究还演示了如何在产品政策讨论中使用所建议的方法。

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