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An individual differences analysis of the neurocognitive architecture of the semantic system at rest

机译：静态语义系统神经认知架构的个体差异分析

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Efficient semantic cognition depends on accessing and selecting conceptual knowledge relevant to the current task or context. This study explored the neurocognitive architecture that supports this function by examining how individual variation in functional brain organisation predicts comprehension and semantic generation. Participants underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and, on separate days, performed written synonym judgement, and letter and category fluency tasks. We found that better synonym judgement for high frequency items was linked to greater functional coupling between posterior fusiform and anterior superior temporal cortex (aSTG), which might index orthographic-to-semantic access. However, stronger coupling between aSTG and ventromedial prefrontal cortex was associated with poor performance on the same trials, potentially reflecting greater difficulty in focussing retrieval on relevant features for high frequency items that appear in a greater range of contexts. Fluency performance was instead linked to variations in the functional coupling of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG); anterior IFG was more coupled to regions of primary visual cortex for individuals who were good at category fluency, while poor letter fluency was predicted by stronger coupling between posterior IFG and retrosplenial cortex. These results show that individual differences in functional connectivity at rest predict semantic performance and are consistent with a component process account of semantic cognition in which representational information is shaped by control processes to fit the current requirements, in both comprehension and fluency tasks.
机译：有效的语义认知取决于访问和选择与当前任务或上下文相关的概念性知识。这项研究通过检查功能性大脑组织中的个体差异如何预测理解和语义生成，探索了支持该功能的神经认知体系结构。参加者进行了静息状态功能磁共振成像（fMRI），并在不同的日子进行了书面同义词判断以及字母和类别流利性任务。我们发现，对高频项目的更好的同义词判断与后梭形和前颞颞皮层（aSTG）之间更大的功能耦合有关，后者可能会指示正字法到语义的访问。但是，在同一试验中，aSTG和腹侧前额叶皮层之间更强的耦合与较差的表现有关，这可能反映出将检索重点集中在出现在更大范围内的高频项目的相关特征上的难度更大。相反，流利性能与下额回（IFG）的功能耦合的变化有关；对于流利程度较高的个体，前IFG与初级视觉皮层区域的耦合程度更高，而后IFG与脾后皮质之间的耦合性增强则可预测较差的字母流畅度。这些结果表明，静止时功能连接的个体差异可以预测语义性能，并且与语义认知的组成过程帐户相一致，在该过程中，表示性信息由控制过程确定以适应当前需求，无论是理解性任务还是流利性任务。

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