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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience >Depth and the Uncertainty of Statistical Knowledge on Musical Creativity Fluctuate Over a Composer's Lifetime
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Depth and the Uncertainty of Statistical Knowledge on Musical Creativity Fluctuate Over a Composer's Lifetime

机译：音乐创作的深度和不确定性统计知识在作曲者的一生中都在波动

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摘要

Brain models music as a hierarchy of dynamical systems that encode probability distributions and complexity (i.e., entropy and uncertainty). Through musical experience over lifetime, a human is intrinsically motivated in optimizing the internalized probabilistic model for efficient information processing and the uncertainty resolution, which has been regarded as rewords. Human's behavior, however, appears to be not necessarily directing to efficiency but sometimes act inefficiently in order to explore a maximum rewards of uncertainty resolution. Previous studies suggest that the drive for novelty seeking behavior (high uncertain phenomenon) reflects human's curiosity, and that the curiosity rewards encourage humans to create and learn new regularities. That is to say, although brain generally minimizes uncertainty of music structure, we sometimes derive pleasure from music with uncertain structure due to curiosity for novelty seeking behavior by which we anticipate the resolution of uncertainty. Few studies, however, investigated how curiosity for uncertain and novelty seeking behavior modulates musical creativity. The present study investigated how the probabilistic model and the uncertainty in music fluctuate over a composer's lifetime (all of the 32 piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven). In the late periods of the composer's lifetime, the transitional probabilities (TPs) of sequential patterns that ubiquitously appear in all of his music (familiar phrase) were decreased, whereas the uncertainties of the whole structure were increased. Furthermore, these findings were prominent in higher-, rather than lower-, order models of TP distribution. This may suggest that the higher-order probabilistic model is susceptible to experience and psychological phenomena over the composer's lifetime. The present study first suggested the fluctuation of uncertainty of musical structure over a composer's lifetime. It is suggested that human's curiosity for uncertain and novelty seeking behavior may modulate optimization and creativity in human's brain.
机译：大脑将音乐建模为动态系统的层次结构，该系统对概率分布和复杂性（即熵和不确定性）进行编码。通过终生的音乐体验，人们会内在地动机在优化内部化的概率模型，以进行有效的信息处理和不确定性解决方案，这被认为是一种说法。然而，人类的行为似乎不一定直接影响效率，但有时行为低效以探索不确定性解决方案的最大回报。先前的研究表明，寻求新奇行为（高度不确定性现象）的动力反映了人类的好奇心，并且好奇心的奖励鼓励人类创造和学习新的规律。也就是说，尽管大脑通常会最大程度地降低音乐结构的不确定性，但由于对新颖性寻求行为的好奇心，我们有时会从结构不确定的音乐中获得愉悦感，从而可以预测不确定性的解决方案。然而，很少有研究调查不确定性和新颖性行为的好奇心如何调节音乐创造力。本研究调查了概率模型和音乐不确定性如何在作曲家的一生中波动（路德维希·范·贝多芬创作的全部32首钢琴奏鸣曲）。在作曲家一生的后期，在他的所有音乐（熟悉的短语）中普遍出现的顺序模式的过渡概率（TPs）减小了，而整个结构的不确定性却增加了。此外，这些发现在TP分布的较高阶而不是较低阶的模型中很突出。这可能表明，高阶概率模型在作曲家的一生中很容易受到经验和心理现象的影响。本研究首先提出了作曲家一生中音乐结构不确定性的波动。建议人们对不确定和新颖性行为的好奇心可能会调节人脑的优化和创造力。

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