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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Microbiology >Transcriptional activity of the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta Holobiont: molecular evidence for metabolic interchange
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Transcriptional activity of the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta Holobiont: molecular evidence for metabolic interchange

机译：巨型桶形海绵Xestospongia muta Holobiont的转录活性：代谢交换的分子证据

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Compared to our understanding of the taxonomic composition of the symbiotic microbes in marine sponges, the functional diversity of these symbionts is largely unknown. Furthermore, the application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic techniques to functional questions on sponge host-symbiont interactions is in its infancy. In this study, we generated a transcriptome for the host and a metatranscriptome of its microbial symbionts for the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, from the Caribbean. In combination with a gene-specific approach, our goals were to (1) characterize genetic evidence for nitrogen cycling in X. muta, an important limiting nutrient on coral reefs (2) identify which prokaryotic symbiont lineages are metabolically active and, (3) characterize the metabolic potential of the prokaryotic community. Xestospongia muta expresses genes from multiple nitrogen transformation pathways that when combined with the abundance of this sponge, and previous data on dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes, shows that this sponge is an important contributor to nitrogen cycling biogeochemistry on coral reefs. Additionally, we observed significant differences in gene expression of the archaeal amoA gene, which is involved in ammonia oxidation, between coral reef locations consistent with differences in the fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen previously reported. In regards to symbiont metabolic potential, the genes in the biosynthetic pathways of several amino acids were present in the prokaryotic metatranscriptome dataset but in the host-derived transcripts only the catabolic reactions for these amino acids were present. A similar pattern was observed for the B vitamins (riboflavin, biotin, thiamin, cobalamin). These results expand our understanding of biogeochemical cycling in sponges, and the metabolic interchange highlighted here advances the field of symbiont physiology by elucidating specific metabolic pathways where there is high potential for host-prokaryote interactions.
机译：与我们对海洋海绵中共生微生物的分类学组成的了解相比，这些共生体的功能多样性在很大程度上是未知的。此外，将基因组学，转录组学和蛋白质组学技术应用于有关海绵宿主-共生体相互作用的功能性问题尚处于起步阶段。在这项研究中，我们为来自加勒比海的巨型桶形海绵Xestospongia muta产生了宿主的转录组和微生物共生体的转录组。与特定基因方法相结合，我们的目标是（1）表征X. muta中氮循环的遗传证据，这是珊瑚礁上的重要限制性营养素（2）确定哪些原核共生谱系具有代谢活性，（3）表征原核生物的代谢潜力。 Xestospongia muta会表达来自多种氮转化途径的基因，这些基因与丰富的海绵结合，以及先前有关溶解的无机氮通量的数据表明，这种海绵是珊瑚礁上氮循环生物地球化学的重要贡献者。此外，我们观察到珊瑚礁位置之间古细菌amoA基因的基因表达存在显着差异，该基因参与氨氧化反应，与先前报道的溶解无机氮通量的差异一致。关于共生生物的代谢潜能，原核元转录组数据集中存在几种氨基酸的生物合成途径中的基因，但在宿主衍生的转录物中仅存在这些氨基酸的分解代谢反应。对于B族维生素（核黄素，生物素，硫胺素，钴胺素）也观察到相似的模式。这些结果扩大了我们对海绵中生物地球化学循环的理解，并且在这里强调的代谢交换通过阐明在宿主与原核生物相互作用中可能具有高潜力的特定代谢途径，推进了共生体生理领域。

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