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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Anatomy and Physiology >Molecular biomarkers monitoring human skeletal muscle fibres and microvasculature following long-term bed rest with and without countermeasures
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Molecular biomarkers monitoring human skeletal muscle fibres and microvasculature following long-term bed rest with and without countermeasures

机译：监测长期卧床休息后有无对策的人体骨骼肌纤维和微脉管系统的分子生物标记

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The cellular mechanisms of human skeletal muscle adaptation to disuse are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and biochemical changes of the lower limb soleus and vastus lateralis muscles following 60 days of head-down tilt bed rest in women with and without exercise countermeasure using molecular biomarkers monitoring functional cell compartments. Muscle biopsies were taken before (pre) and after bed rest (post) from a bed rest-only and a bed rest exercise group (n = 8, each). NOS1 and NOS3/PECAM, markers of myofibre ‘activity’ and capillary density, and MuRF1 (E3 ubiquitin-ligase), a marker of proteolysis, were documented by confocal immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses. Morphometrical parameters (myofibre cross-sectional area, type I/II distribution) were largely preserved in muscles from the exercise group with a robust trend for type II hypertrophy in vastus lateralis. In the bed rest-only group, the relative NOS1 immunostaining intensity was decreased at type I and II myofibre membranes, while the bed rest plus exercise group compensated for this loss particularly in soleus. In the microvascular network, NOS3 expression and the capillary-to-fibre ratio were both increased in the exercise group. Elevated MuRF1 immunosignals found in subgroups of atrophic myofibres probably reflected accelerated proteolysis. Immunoblots revealed overexpression of the MuRF1 protein in the soleus of the bed rest-only group (> 35% vs. pre). We conclude that exercise countermeasure during bed rest affected both NOS/NO signalling and proteolysis in female skeletal muscle. Maintenance of NO signalling mechanisms and normal protein turnover by exercise countermeasure may be crucial steps to attenuate human skeletal muscle atrophy and to maintain cell function following chronic disuse.
机译：人类骨骼肌适应废弃的细胞机制在很大程度上是未知的。这项研究的目的是通过监测功能性细胞室的分子生物标记物，确定有或没有运动对策的妇女在头朝下倾斜卧床休息60天后下肢比目鱼肌和股外侧肌的形态和生化变化。在仅卧床休息和卧床休息锻炼组（n = 8）中，在卧床休息之前（之前）和之后（休息后）进行肌肉活检。共聚焦免疫荧光和免疫印迹分析记录了肌纤维“活性”和毛细血管密度的标记物NOS1和NOS3 / PECAM，以及蛋白水解的标记物MuRF1（E3泛素连接酶）。形态学参数（肌纤维横截面积，I / II型分布）在运动组的肌肉中得到了很大的保留，股外侧肌中II型肥大的趋势很明显。在仅卧床休息组中，I型和II型肌纤维膜的相对NOS1免疫染色强度降低，而卧床休息加运动组弥补了这种损失，尤其是在比目鱼眼中。在微血管网络中，运动组的NOS3表达和毛细纤维比均增加。在萎缩性肌纤维亚组中发现的MuRF1免疫信号升高可能反映了蛋白水解加速。免疫印迹显示仅卧床休息组的比目鱼眼中MuRF1蛋白过表达（与前者相比> 35％）。我们得出结论，卧床休息期间的运动对策会影响女性骨骼肌中的NOS / NO信号传导和蛋白水解。通过运动对策维持NO信号传导机制和正常蛋白质更新可能是减轻人类骨骼肌萎缩和维持慢性停用后细胞功能的关键步骤。

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