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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Anatomy and Physiology >Anatomical study of the auditory region of Arctotherium tarijense (Ursidae Tremarctinae) an extinct short‐faced bear from the Pleistocene of South America
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Anatomical study of the auditory region of Arctotherium tarijense (Ursidae Tremarctinae) an extinct short‐faced bear from the Pleistocene of South America

机译：南方绝种的灭绝的短头熊Tartense（听虫Tremarctinae）听觉区的解剖学研究

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Here we present the most detailed morphological study of the auditory region of a tremarctinae bear, Arctotherium tarijense Ameghino. In addition, we provide new anatomical information of the Tremarctinae inner ear, such as coplanarity and deviation from orthogonality of the semicircular canals, as an approach to infer the head movements which encountered the extinct forms in locomotion. Based on morphological comparisons, A. tarijense exhibits the following particular features: the cavum tympani presents the highest relative volume compared with other ursids; the processus paraoccipitalis has a foramen that is absent in other tremarctines; there is only one (ventral) recess in the anterior region of the cavum tympani; and the recessus epytimpanicus is the smallest for all ursids studied. In relation to the inner ear, A. tarijense shows the lowest values of orthogonality deviation and highest scores of locomotor agility. Based on this, is possible to make a preliminary proposal that this species had a relative high vestibular sensibility and therefore a better ability to explore different kind of habitats. However, this hypothesis might be contrasted among bears taking into account the orientation of each semicircular canal in a phylogenetic framework.
机译：在这里，我们介绍了最重要的形态学研究，一个白蚁熊，Arctotherium tarijense Ameghino。此外，我们提供了Tremarctinae内耳的新解剖学信息，例如共面性和与半圆形管的正交性的偏离，以此作为推断在运动中遇到灭绝形式的头部运动的方法。根据形态学比较，塔里木假单胞菌表现出以下特定特征：与其他ursids相比，鼓腔鼓的相对体积最大;枕旁突突有一个在其他海mar中不存在的孔；鼓室的前部只有一个（腹侧）凹陷。对于所有研究过的ursids，隐性小突突突孔最小。关于内耳，塔里木种显示出最低的正交度偏差值和最高的运动敏捷性得分。基于此，有可能提出一个初步建议，即该物种具有较高的前庭敏感性，因此具有更好的探索不同类型栖息地的能力。但是，考虑到每个半圆管在系统发育框架中的方向，这种假设可能会在熊之间形成对比。

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