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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Do Leaf Cutting Ants Cut Undetected? Testing the Effect of Ant-Induced Plant Defences on Foraging Decisions in Atta colombica
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Do Leaf Cutting Ants Cut Undetected? Testing the Effect of Ant-Induced Plant Defences on Foraging Decisions in Atta colombica

机译：切叶蚁切没发现吗？测试蚂蚁诱导的植物防御对Atta colombica觅食决策的影响

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Leaf-cutting ants (LCAs) are polyphagous, yet highly selective herbivores. The factors that govern their selection of food plants, however, remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the induction of anti-herbivore defences by attacked food plants, which are toxic to either ants or their mutualistic fungus, should significantly affect the ants' foraging behaviour. To test this “induced defence hypothesis,” we used lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), a plant that emits many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) upon herbivore attack with known anti-fungal or ant-repellent effects. Our results provide three important insights into the foraging ecology of LCAs. First, leaf-cutting by Atta ants can induce plant defences: Lima bean plants that were repeatedly exposed to foraging workers of Atta colombica over a period of three days emitted significantly more VOCs than undamaged control plants. Second, the level to which a plant has induced its anti-herbivore defences can affect the LCAs' foraging behaviour: In dual choice bioassays, foragers discriminated control plants from plants that have been damaged mechanically or by LCAs 24 h ago. In contrast, strong induction levels of plants after treatment with the plant hormone jasmonic acid or three days of LCA feeding strongly repelled LCA foragers relative to undamaged control plants. Third, the LCA-specific mode of damaging leaves allows them to remove larger quantities of leaf material before being recognized by the plant: While leaf loss of approximately 15% due to a chewing herbivore (coccinelid beetle) was sufficient to significantly increase VOC emission levels after 24 h, the removal of even 20% of a plant's leaf area within 20 min by LCAs did not affect its VOC emission rate after 24 h. Taken together, our results support the “induced defence hypothesis” and provide first empirical evidence that the foraging behaviour of LCAs is affected by the induction of plant defence responses.
机译：切叶蚁（LCA）是多食性的，但具有高度选择性的食草动物。但是，控制它们选择食用植物的因素仍然知之甚少。我们假设受攻击的食用植物对蚂蚁或它们的互生真菌有毒，诱导其抗草食动物的防御应会显着影响蚂蚁的觅食行为。为了测试这种“诱导防御假设”，我们使用了利马豆（Phaseolus lunatus），这种植物在食草动物攻击后会释放出许多挥发性有机化合物（VOC），并具有已知的抗真菌或驱蚊作用。我们的结果为LCA的觅食生态学提供了三个重要的见解。首先，被Atta蚂蚁砍伐的叶子可以诱导植物防御：在三天的时间里，反复暴露于Atta colombica的觅食工人的利马豆植物比未受损的对照植物释放出更多的VOC。其次，植物诱导其抗草食动物防御的水平会影响LCA的觅食行为：在双重选择生物测定中，觅食者将对照植物与24小时前受到机械或LCA破坏的植物区分开来。相反，相对于未受损的对照植物，用植物激素茉莉酸或三天的LCA饲喂处理后植物的强诱导水平强烈排斥了LCA觅食者。第三，LCA破坏叶片的特定模式允许它们在被植物识别之前去除大量的叶片材料：尽管由于咀嚼草食动物（球虫甲虫）而导致的叶片损失约15％足以显着增加VOC排放水平24小时后，LCA在20分钟内去除了甚至20％的植物叶面积，也不会影响其在24小时后的VOC排放率。综上所述，我们的结果支持“诱导防御假设”，并提供了第一份实证证据，LCA的觅食行为受植物防御反应的诱导影响。

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