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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Effect of Operating and Sampling Conditions on the Exhaust Gas Composition of Small-Scale Power Generators
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Effect of Operating and Sampling Conditions on the Exhaust Gas Composition of Small-Scale Power Generators

机译：操作和采样条件对小型发电机排气成分的影响

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Small stationary diesel engines, like in generator sets, have limited emission control measures and are therefore responsible for 44% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the United States. The diesel exhaust composition depends on operating conditions of the combustion engine. Furthermore, the measurements are influenced by the used sampling method. This study examines the effect of engine loading and exhaust gas dilution on the composition of small-scale power generators. These generators are used in different operating conditions than road-transport vehicles, resulting in different emission characteristics. Experimental data were obtained for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and PM mass concentration, elemental composition and nitrate content. The exhaust composition depends on load condition because of its effect on fuel consumption, engine wear and combustion temperature. Higher load conditions result in lower PM concentration and sharper edged particles with larger aerodynamic diameters. A positive correlation with load condition was found for K, Ca, Sr, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb adsorbed on PM, elements that originate from lubricating oil or engine corrosion. The nitrate concentration decreases at higher load conditions, due to enhanced nitrate dissociation to gaseous NO at higher engine temperatures. Dilution on the other hand decreases PM and nitrate concentration and increases gaseous VOC and adsorbed metal content. In conclusion, these data show that operating and sampling conditions have a major effect on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale diesel generators. Therefore, care must be taken when designing new experiments or comparing literature results.
机译：小型固定式柴油机（如发电机组）的排放控制措施有限，因此占美国颗粒物（PM）排放量的44％。柴油机排气成分取决于内燃机的工况。此外，测量值受所用采样方法的影响。这项研究检查了发动机负载和废气稀释对小型发电机组成的影响。这些发电机在与公路运输车辆不同的运行条件下使用，从而导致不同的排放特性。获得了气态挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和PM质量浓度，元素组成和硝酸盐含量的实验数据。排气成分因其对燃油消耗，发动机磨损和燃烧温度的影响而取决于负载条件。较高的负载条件会导致较低的PM浓度和具有较大空气动力学直径的锐利边缘颗粒。发现吸附在PM上的K，Ca，Sr，Mn，Cu，Zn和Pb与负载条件呈正相关，这些元素源自润滑油或发动机腐蚀。由于在较高的发动机温度下硝酸盐分解为气态NO的能力增强，因此在较高的负载条件下硝酸盐浓度会降低。另一方面，稀释会降低PM和硝酸盐的浓度，并增加气态VOC和吸附的金属含量。总之，这些数据表明，运行和采样条件对小型柴油发电机的废气成分有重大影响。因此，在设计新实验或比较文献结果时必须小心。

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