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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Different Host Exploitation Strategies in Two Zebra Mussel-Trematode Systems: Adjustments of Host Life History Traits
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Different Host Exploitation Strategies in Two Zebra Mussel-Trematode Systems: Adjustments of Host Life History Traits

机译：两种斑马贻贝-吸虫系统中不同的宿主开发策略：宿主生活史特征的调整

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摘要

The zebra mussel is the intermediate host for two digenean trematodes, Phyllodistomum folium and Bucephalus polymorphus, infecting gills and the gonad respectively. Many gray areas exist relating to the host physiological disturbances associated with these infections, and the strategies used by these parasites to exploit their host without killing it. The aim of this study was to examine the host exploitation strategies of these trematodes and the associated host physiological disturbances. We hypothesized that these two parasite species, by infecting two different organs (gills or gonads), do not induce the same physiological changes. Four cellular responses (lysosomal and peroxisomal defence systems, lipidic peroxidation and lipidic reserves) in the host digestive gland were studied by histochemistry and stereology, as well as the energetic reserves available in gonads. Moreover, two indices were calculated related to the reproductive status and the physiological condition of the organisms. Both parasites induced adjustments of zebra mussel life history traits. The host-exploitation strategy adopted by P. folium would occur during a short-term period due to gill deformation, and could be defined as “virulent.” Moreover, this parasite had significant host gender-dependent effects: infected males displayed a slowed-down metabolism and energetic reserves more allocated to growth, whereas females displayed better defences and would allocate more energy to reproduction and maintenance. In contrast, B. polymorphus would be a more “prudent” parasite, exploiting its host during a long-term period through the consumption of reserves allocated to reproduction.
机译：斑马贻贝是两个di属吸虫的中间宿主，分别是g和性腺，分别感染g和性腺。存在许多与这些感染相关的宿主生理障碍有关的灰色区域，以及这些寄生虫利用其宿主而不杀死宿主的策略。这项研究的目的是检查这些吸虫的宿主开发策略以及相关的宿主生理障碍。我们假设这两种寄生虫通过感染两个不同的器官（g或性腺），不会引起相同的生理变化。通过组织化学和立体学研究了宿主消化腺中的四种细胞反应（溶酶体和过氧化物酶体防御系统，脂质过氧化和脂质储备），以及性腺中的高能储备。此外，计算了与生物体的繁殖状况和生理状况有关的两个指标。两种寄生虫都会引起斑马贻贝生活史特征的调整。小叶青冈采用的寄主开发策略会在短期内由于ill变形而发生，可以定义为“强毒”。此外，这种寄生虫具有明显的寄主性别依赖性效应：受感染的雄性显示新陈代谢减慢，精力充沛地分配给生长，而雌性则显示出更好的防御能力，并将更多的能量分配给繁殖和维持。相反，多形芽孢杆菌将是一个更为“审慎”的寄生虫，通过长期消耗分配给繁殖的储备来利用其宿主。

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