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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Wild Bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) Strategically Place Nuts in a Stable Position during Nut-Cracking
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Wild Bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) Strategically Place Nuts in a Stable Position during Nut-Cracking

机译：有胡子的卷尾猴（Sapajus libidinosus）在开裂坚果时将坚果放置在稳定的位置

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Humans can use hand tools smoothly and effectively in varying circumstances; in other words, skillfully. A few other species of primates crack encased foods using hammer tools and anvils. Are they skilled? Positioning the food on the anvil so that it does not fall off when struck is a component of skilled cracking. We discovered that bearded capuchin monkeys deliberately place palm nuts in a relatively stable position on the anvil before striking them. In the first experiment, we marked the meridians of palm nuts where they stopped when rolled on a flat surface (“Stop meridian”). We videotaped monkeys as they cracked these nuts on an anvil. In playback we coded the position of the Stop meridian prior to each strike. Monkeys typically knocked the nuts on the anvil a few times before releasing them in a pit. They positioned the nuts so that the Stop meridian was within 30 degrees of vertical with respect to gravity more often than expected, and the nuts rarely moved after the monkeys released them. In the second experiment, 14 blindfolded people (7 men) asked to position marked nuts on an anvil as if to crack them reliably placed them with the Stop meridian in the same position as the monkeys did. In the third experiment, two people judged that palm nuts are most bilaterally symmetric along a meridian on, or close to, the Stop meridian. Thus the monkeys reliably placed the more symmetrical side of the nuts against the side of the pit, and the nuts reliably remained stationary when released. Monkeys apparently used information gained from knocking the nut to achieve this position. Thus, monkeys place the nuts skillfully, strategically managing the fit between the variable nuts and pits in the anvil, and skilled placement depends upon information generated by manual action.
机译：人类可以在各种情况下平稳有效地使用手动工具；换句话说，熟练地。其他一些种类的灵长类动物使用锤子工具和铁砧来破坏包裹的食物。他们熟练吗？将食物放在砧座上，以使食物在被击打时不会掉落，这是熟练开裂的一个组成部分。我们发现，有胡子的卷尾猴在敲打它们之前，故意将棕榈坚果放在砧板上相对稳定的位置。在第一个实验中，我们标记了棕榈坚果的子午线，当它们在平坦的表面上滚动时，子午线会停在那里（“停止子午线”）。当猴子在砧板上弄碎这些坚果时，我们给他们录制了录像。在回放中，我们在每次打击之前对Stop子午线的位置进行了编码。猴子通常先敲敲几次砧座上的螺母，然后再将它们释放到坑中。他们调整了螺母的位置，使Stop子午线相对于重力的垂直度比预期的高30度，并且在猴子释放螺母后螺母很少移动。在第二个实验中，有14个被蒙住眼睛的人（7个男人）要求将标记的坚果放在砧座上，好像要使其破裂一样，将它们的Stop经络放置在与猴子相同的位置。在第三个实验中，两个人断定，棕榈果仁在Stop子午线上或接近Stop子午线上的子午线上最左右对称。因此，猴子可靠地将螺母的更对称的一侧靠在凹坑的侧面，并且螺母在释放时可靠地​​保持静止。猴子显然使用了从敲开螺母获得的信息来达到该位置。因此，猴子会熟练地放置螺母，从战略上管理砧座中可变螺母和凹坑之间的配合，而熟练的放置则取决于手动操作生成的信息。

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