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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Factors Influencing Bank Geomorphology and Erosion of the Haw River, a High Order River in North Carolina, since European Settlement
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Factors Influencing Bank Geomorphology and Erosion of the Haw River, a High Order River in North Carolina, since European Settlement

机译：自欧洲结算以来，影响北卡罗来纳州高阶河霍河的河岸地貌和侵蚀的因素

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摘要

The Haw River, a high order river in the southeastern United States, is characterized by severe bank erosion and geomorphic change from historical conditions of clear waters and connected floodplains. In 2014 it was named one of the 10 most threatened rivers in the United States by American Rivers. Like many developed areas, the region has a history of disturbance including extensive upland soil loss from agriculture, dams, and upstream urbanization. The primary objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms controlling channel form and erosion of the Haw River. Field measurements including bank height, bankfull height, bank angle, root depth and density, riparian land cover and slope, surface protection, river width, and bank retreat were collected at 87 sites along 43.5 km of river. A Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) was calculated for each study site. Mean bank height was 11.8 m, mean width was 84.3 m, and bank retreat for 2005/2007-2011/2013 was 2.3 m. The greatest bank heights, BEHI values, and bank retreat were adjacent to riparian areas with low slope (<2). This is in contrast to previous studies which identify high slope as a risk factor for erosion. Most of the soils in low slope riparian areas were alluvial, suggesting sediment deposition from upland row crop agriculture and/or flooding. Bank retreat was not correlated to bank heights or BEHI values. Historical dams (1.2–3 m height) were not a significant factor. Erosion of the Haw River in the study section of the river (25% of the river length) contributed 205,320 m3 of sediment and 3759 kg of P annually. Concentration of suspended solids in the river increased with discharge. In conclusion, the Haw River is an unstable system, with river bank erosion and geomodification potential influenced by riparian slope and varied flows.
机译：霍河（Haw River）是美国东南部的高阶河流，其特征是清水和相连洪泛区的历史条件造成了严重的河岸侵蚀和地貌变化。 2014年，它被美国河流协会（American Rivers）评为美国十大威胁最大的河流之一。与许多发达地区一样，该地区也有动荡的历史，包括农业，水坝和上游城市化造成的大量高地土壤流失。这项研究的主要目的是确定控制河道形式和侵蚀的机制。沿43.5公里的河道在87个地点采集了包括堤岸高度，堤岸高度，堤岸角，根深和密度，河岸土地覆盖率和坡度，表面保护，河流宽度和堤岸撤退在内的现场测量结果。计算了每个研究地点的银行侵蚀危险指数（BEHI）。 2005 / 2007-2011 / 2013年的平均岸高为11.8 m，平均宽度为84.3 m，后退为2.3 m。最大的堤岸高度，BEHI值和堤岸后退与坡度较低（<2）的河岸地区相邻。这与以前的研究相反，后者将高坡度确定为侵蚀的危险因素。低坡度河岸地区的大多数土壤都是冲积性土壤，表明高地行作农业和/或洪水造成了沉积物沉积。岸撤退与岸高或BEHI值无关。历史大坝（1.2–3 m高）不是重要因素。研究河段（长度的25％）的霍河侵蚀造成了每年205,320 m 3 的沉积物和3759 kg的P。河流中的悬浮物浓度随排放量增加而增加。总之，山楂河是一个不稳定的系统，其河岸侵蚀和土质改良潜力受河岸坡度和流量变化的影响。

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