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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Modelling of Human Low Frequency Sound Localization Acuity Demonstrates Dominance of Spatial Variation of Interaural Time Difference and Suggests Uniform Just-Noticeable Differences in Interaural Time Difference
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Modelling of Human Low Frequency Sound Localization Acuity Demonstrates Dominance of Spatial Variation of Interaural Time Difference and Suggests Uniform Just-Noticeable Differences in Interaural Time Difference

机译：人类低频声音定位敏锐度的模型展示了耳间时差的空间变化优势，并暗示了耳间时差的均匀正好可察觉的差异

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摘要

Sound source localization is critical to animal survival and for identification of auditory objects. We investigated the acuity with which humans localize low frequency, pure tone sounds using timing differences between the ears. These small differences in time, known as interaural time differences or ITDs, are identified in a manner that allows localization acuity of around 1° at the midline. Acuity, a relative measure of localization ability, displays a non-linear variation as sound sources are positioned more laterally. All species studied localize sounds best at the midline and progressively worse as the sound is located out towards the side. To understand why sound localization displays this variation with azimuthal angle, we took a first-principles, systemic, analytical approach to model localization acuity. We calculated how ITDs vary with sound frequency, head size and sound source location for humans. This allowed us to model ITD variation for previously published experimental acuity data and determine the distribution of just-noticeable differences in ITD. Our results suggest that the best-fit model is one whereby just-noticeable differences in ITDs are identified with uniform or close to uniform sensitivity across the physiological range. We discuss how our results have several implications for neural ITD processing in different species as well as development of the auditory system.
机译：声源定位对于动物生存和识别听觉物体至关重要。我们使用耳朵之间的时间差异，研究了人类定位低频纯音的敏锐度。这些小的时间差异（称为耳间时间差异或ITD）以允许在中线处出现1°左右的定位敏锐度的方式进行识别。声速是定位能力的一种相对度量，随着声源的侧向定位，其显示出非线性变化。研究的所有物种将声音定位在中线的位置最好，而随着声音向侧面的方向逐渐变差。为了理解为什么声音本地化会显示出方位角的这种变化，我们采用了一种第一性的系统分析方法来对本地化敏锐度进行建模。我们计算了ITD如何随人的声音频率，头部大小和声源位置而变化。这使我们能够为先前发布的实验敏锐度数据建模ITD变化，并确定ITD中明显差异的分布。我们的结果表明，最合适的模型是一种可以在整个生理范围内以均匀或接近均匀的灵敏度识别出ITD的明显差异的模型。我们讨论了我们的结果如何对不同物种的神经ITD处理以及听觉系统的发展产生一些影响。

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