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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa
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Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa

机译：遗传学，形态学，广告宣传和历史记录区分了西非和中非的非洲爪蛙的六种新多倍体物种（非洲爪蟾，Pipidae）

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African clawed frogs, genus Xenopus, are extraordinary among vertebrates in the diversity of their polyploid species and the high number of independent polyploidization events that occurred during their diversification. Here we update current understanding of the evolutionary history of this group and describe six new species from west and central sub-Saharan Africa, including four tetraploids and two dodecaploids. We provide information on molecular variation, morphology, karyotypes, vocalizations, and estimated geographic ranges, which support the distinctiveness of these new species. We resurrect Xenopus calcaratus from synonymy of Xenopus tropicalis and refer populations from Bioko Island and coastal Cameroon (near Mt. Cameroon) to this species. To facilitate comparisons to the new species, we also provide comments on the type specimens, morphology, and distributions of X. epitropicalis, X. tropicalis, and X. fraseri. This includes significantly restricted application of the names X. fraseri and X. epitropicalis, the first of which we argue is known definitively only from type specimens and possibly one other specimen. Inferring the evolutionary histories of these new species allows refinement of species groups within Xenopus and leads to our recognition of two subgenera (Xenopus and Silurana) and three species groups within the subgenus Xenopus (amieti, laevis, and muelleri species groups).
机译：非洲爪蛙，非洲爪蟾属，在脊椎动物中是非同寻常的，因为它们的多倍体种类多样，并且在其多样化过程中发生了大量独立的多倍体化事件。在这里，我们更新了对这一群体进化历史的最新了解，并描述了来自非洲中西部和中撒哈拉沙漠以南的六个新物种，包括四个四倍体和两个十二倍体。我们提供有关分子变异，形态，核型，发声和估计的地理范围的信息，这些信息支持了这些新物种的独特性。我们从非洲爪蟾的同义词复活爪蟾，并将比奥科岛和喀麦隆沿海地区（喀麦隆山附近）的种群引到该物种。为了便于与新物种进行比较，我们还提供了对X. epitropicalis，X.tropicis和X.fraseri的类型标本，形态和分布的评论。这包括名称X. fraseri和X. epitropicalis的使用受到严格限制，我们认为其中第一个仅从类型标本（可能还有一个标本）才是已知的。推断这些新物种的进化历史可以改进非洲爪蟾属中的物种组，并导致我们认识到非洲爪蟾属（Xenopus ）（ amieti ）中的两个亚属（非洲爪蟾和Silurana）和三个物种组。 em>， laevis 和 muelleri 物种组）。

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