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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Genetic Structure and Molecular Diversity of Cacao Plants Established as Local Varieties for More than Two Centuries: The Genetic History of Cacao Plantations in Bahia, Brazil
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Genetic Structure and Molecular Diversity of Cacao Plants Established as Local Varieties for More than Two Centuries: The Genetic History of Cacao Plantations in Bahia, Brazil

机译：建立超过两个世纪的地方品种的可可植物的遗传结构和分子多样性：巴西巴伊亚州可可人工林的遗传历史

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Bahia is the most important cacao-producing state in Brazil, which is currently the sixth-largest country worldwide to produce cacao seeds. In the eighteenth century, the Comum, Pará and Maranhão varieties of cacao were introduced into southern Bahia, and their descendants, which are called ‘Bahian cacao’ or local Bahian varieties, have been cultivated for over 200 years. Comum plants have been used to start plantations in African countries and extended as far as countries in South Asia and Oceania. In Brazil, two sets of clones selected from Bahian varieties and their mutants, the Agronomic Institute of East (SIAL) and Bahian Cacao Institute (SIC) series, represent the diversity of Bahian cacao in germplasm banks. Because the genetic diversity of Bahian varieties, which is essential for breeding programs, remains unknown, the objective of this work was to assess the genetic structure and diversity of local Bahian varieties collected from farms and germplasm banks. To this end, 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to genotype 279 cacao plants from germplasm and local farms. The results facilitated the identification of 219 cacao plants of Bahian origin, and 51 of these were SIAL or SIC clones. Bahian cacao showed low genetic diversity. It could be verified that SIC and SIAL clones do not represent the true diversity of Bahian cacao, with the greatest amount of diversity found in cacao trees on the farms. Thus, a core collection to aid in prioritizing the plants to be sampled for Bahian cacao diversity is suggested. These results provide information that can be used to conserve Bahian cacao plants and applied in breeding programs to obtain more productive Bahian cacao with superior quality and tolerance to major diseases in tropical cacao plantations worldwide.
机译：巴伊亚州是巴西最重要的可可生产州，目前是全世界第六大可可种子生产国。 18世纪，可可树，帕拉（Pará）和马拉南（Maranhão）的可可树种被引入巴伊亚州南部，其后代被称为“巴伊亚可可树”（Bahian cacao）或当地的巴伊亚变种，已经栽培了200多年。普通植物已被用来在非洲国家开始种植，并延伸到南亚和大洋洲的国家。在巴西，从巴伊亚变种及其突变体中选出的两套克隆，即东方农学研究所（SIAL）和巴伊亚可可研究所（SIC）系列，代表了巴伊亚可可在种质库中的多样性。由于对于育种计划至关重要的巴伊亚品种遗传多样性仍然未知，因此这项工作的目的是评估从农场和种质库收集的巴伊亚本地品种的遗传结构和多样性。为此，使用了30个简单的序列重复（SSR）标记对来自种质和本地农场的279种可可植物进行基因分型。结果有助于鉴定巴伊亚州的219种可可植物，其中51种是SIAL或SIC克隆。巴伊亚可可显示出较低的遗传多样性。可以证明SIC和SIAL克隆不代表巴伊亚可可树的真正多样性，在农场的可可树中发现的多样性最大。因此，提出了核心收集，以帮助对要取样的植物进行巴伊亚可可树多样性优先排序。这些结果提供了可用于保存巴伊亚可可树植物的信息，并可用于育种计划，以获取具有更高质量且对全世界热带可可人工林中的主要疾病具有耐受力的巴伊亚可可树。

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