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Role of New Nature Reserve in Assisting Endangered Species Conservation - Case Study of Giant Pandas in the Northern Qionglai Mountains, China

机译：新的自然保护区在协助濒危物种保护中的作用-以中国北部Qi山大熊猫为例

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The creation of nature reserves is the most direct way to save endangered species populations and their habitat. Development of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) nature reserve network in China was initiated in the 1960s, though the effort to create new reserves boomed considerably after the year 2000. Given this rapid development of protected areas in panda habitats, and the potential conflicting interests between conservation administrations and local economic development, it is essential to assess the role of new nature reserves in the overall giant panda conservation effort and reserve network. We utilized data from national giant panda surveys conducted in 2000 and 2012 to compare the size, spatial use, and distribution of panda populations, as well as the habitat suitability and connectivity in the Northern Qionglai Mountains between the two survey years. Our results show that although the total giant panda population in the study area did not change remarkably, local changes did occur. Most notably, the population in Wolong Nature Reserve declined by 27.3% (N = 39) and the population in Caopo Nature Reserve increased by 71.4% (N = 29) over the 12-year study period. We also found habitat suitability and availability decreased in both Wolong (12.4%) and Caopo (7.4%), but that the relative density of giant pandas declined (19.2%) and increased (84.6%) at each site, respectively. The distance between centers of high IUA were more distant in 2012 (14.1±1.9km) than that in 2000 (6.1±0.9km; t = -7.4, df = 5, p = 0.001), showing a scattered spatial pattern. Habitat availability decreased by 42% within the corridor between the two reserves, however panda occurrences in the corridor increased 24.6%. Compared to the total number of encounters, the proportion of the corridor increased 45.76%. Our results show the importance and success of the newly established Caopo to the conservation of giant pandas, and how crucial it is to identify and repair reserve corridors. Furthermore, we propose criteria for future nature reserve network management and investment, which is applicable for other endangered species conservation practices.
机译：建立自然保护区是拯救濒危物种种群及其栖息地的最直接方法。中国的大熊猫自然保护区网络的开发始于1960年代，尽管在2000年之后建立新的保护区的努力大大增加了。鉴于熊猫栖息地保护区的迅速发展以及潜在的利益冲突在保护主管部门和当地经济发展之间，必须评估新的自然保护区在整个大熊猫保护工作和保护区网络中的作用。我们利用2000年和2012年进行的全国大熊猫调查的数据来比较熊猫种群的大小，空间利用和分布，以及两个调查年份之间北部Qi山区的生境适宜性和连通性。我们的结果表明，尽管研究区域中的大熊猫总数没有明显变化，但确实发生了局部变化。最值得注意的是，在12年的研究期内，卧龙自然保护区的人口下降了27.3％（N = 39），而草坡自然保护区的人口却增长了71.4％（N = 29）。我们还发现卧龙（12.4％）和草坡（7.4％）的生境适宜性和可利用性均下降，但每个地点的大熊猫相对密度分别下降（19.2％）和上升（84.6％）。高IUA中心之间的距离在2012年（14.1±1.9 km）比2000年（6.1±0.9 km； t = -7.4，df = 5，p = 0.001）更远，表现出分散的空间格局。在两个保护区之间的走廊内，生境的可利用性下降了42％，但走廊内的熊猫发生率却增长了24.6％。与of的总数相比，走廊的比例增加了45.76％。我们的研究结果表明，新建立的草坡保护大熊猫的重要性和成功，以及确定和修复保护区走廊的重要性。此外，我们提出了未来自然保护区网络管理和投资的标准，该标准适用于其他濒危物种的保护做法。

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