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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Impact of grazing dairy steers on winter rye (Secale cereale) versus winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and effects on meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and consumer acceptability of organic beef
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Impact of grazing dairy steers on winter rye (Secale cereale) versus winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and effects on meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and consumer acceptability of organic beef

机译：放牧奶牛对冬黑麦（Secale谷类）与冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）的影响以及对肉品质，脂肪酸和氨基酸谱以及有机牛肉的消费者接受度的影响

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Meat from Holstein and crossbred organic dairy steers finished on winter rye and winter wheat pastures was evaluated and compared for meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and consumer acceptability. Two adjacent 4-ha plots were established with winter rye or winter wheat cover crops in September 2015 at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center (Morris, MN). During spring of 2015, 30 steers were assigned to one of three replicate breed groups at birth. Breed groups were comprised of: Holstein (HOL; n = 10), crossbreds comprised of Montbéliarde, Viking Red, and HOL (MVH; n = 10), and crossbreds comprised of Normande, Jersey, and Viking Red (NJV; n = 10). Dairy steers were maintained in their respective replicate breed group from three days of age until harvest. After weaning, steers were fed an organic total mixed ration of organic corn silage, alfalfa silage, corn, soybean meal, and minerals until spring 2016. Breed groups were randomly assigned to winter rye or winter wheat and rotationally grazed from spring until early summer of 2016. For statistical analysis, independent variables were fixed effects of breed, forage, and the interaction of breed and forage, with replicated group as a random effect. Specific contrast statements were used to compare HOL versus crossbred steers. Fat from crossbreds had 13% greater omega-3 fatty acids than HOL steers. Furthermore, the omega-6/3 ratio was 14% lower in fat from crossbreds than HOL steers. For consumer acceptability, steaks from steers grazed on winter wheat had greater overall liking than steers grazed on winter rye. Steak from crossbreeds had greater overall liking than HOL steers. The results suggest improvement in fatty acids and sensory attributes of beef from crossbred dairy steers compared to HOL steers, as well as those finished on winter wheat compared to winter rye.
机译：评估了在黑麦和冬小麦牧场上加工的荷斯坦奶牛和杂交有机奶牛场的肉，并比较了肉的品质，脂肪酸和氨基酸谱以及消费者的接受度。 2015年9月，在明尼苏达州大学西部中央研究与推广中心（明尼苏达州莫里斯）建立了两个相邻的4公顷土地，种植黑麦或冬小麦覆盖作物。 2015年春季，出生时将30个公牛分配给三个重复品种组之一。品种组包括：荷斯坦（ HOL ; n = 10），由Montbéliarde，Viking Red和HOL（ MVH ; n = 10）组成的杂种，以及杂种Normande，Jersey和Viking Red（ NJV ； n = 10）。从三日龄开始直到收获，都将乳牛场饲养在各自的复制品种组中。断奶后，向ste牛饲喂有机玉米青贮饲料，紫花苜蓿青贮饲料，玉米，大豆粉和矿物质的有机混合日粮，直至2016年春季。将品种组随机分配给冬黑麦或冬小麦，并从春季到夏季初轮换放牧。 2016年。为了进行统计分析，自变量是品种，牧草的固定作用以及品种与牧草的相互作用，复制组为随机效应。使用特定的对比声明来比较HOL和杂交种ers牛。杂种牛的脂肪中的Omega-3脂肪酸比HOL牛高13％。此外，来自杂种的脂肪中的omega-6 / 3比率比HOL ers牛低14％。为了提高消费者的接受度，用冬小麦吃草的ste牛的牛排比用冬黑麦吃草的ste牛的总体喜好更大。与HOL牛相比，杂种牛的总体喜欢度更高。结果表明，与HOL ste牛皮相比，杂种奶ers牛肉的脂肪酸和感官属性得到改善，与冬小麦相比，杂交小麦ste牛的脂肪酸和感官属性得到改善。

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