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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Synergistic effects of the components of global change: Increased vegetation dynamics in open, forest-steppe grasslands driven by wildfires and year-to-year precipitation differences
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Synergistic effects of the components of global change: Increased vegetation dynamics in open, forest-steppe grasslands driven by wildfires and year-to-year precipitation differences

机译：全球变化组成部分的协同效应：野火和逐年降水差异驱动的开放式森林草原草原植被动态增加

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Climate change and land use change are two major elements of human-induced global environmental change. In temperate grasslands and woodlands, increasing frequency of extreme weather events like droughts and increasing severity of wildfires has altered the structure and dynamics of vegetation. In this paper, we studied the impact of wildfires and the year-to-year differences in precipitation on species composition changes in semi-arid grasslands of a forest-steppe complex ecosystem which has been partially disturbed by wildfires. Particularly, we investigated both how long-term compositional dissimilarity changes and species richness are affected by year-to-year precipitation differences on burnt and unburnt areas. Study sites were located in central Hungary, in protected areas characterized by partially-burnt, juniper-poplar forest-steppe complexes of high biodiversity. Data were used from two long-term monitoring sites in the Kiskunság National Park, both characterized by the same habitat complex. We investigated the variation in species composition as a function of time using distance decay methodology. In each sampling area, compositional dissimilarity increased with the time elapsed between the sampling events, and species richness differences increased with increasing precipitation differences between consecutive years. We found that both the long-term compositional dissimilarity, and the year-to-year changes in species richness were higher in the burnt areas than in the unburnt ones. The long-term compositional dissimilarities were mostly caused by perennial species, while the year-to-year changes of species richness were driven by annual and biennial species. As the effect of the year-to-year variation in precipitation was more pronounced in the burnt areas, we conclude that canopy removal by wildfires and extreme inter-annual variability of precipitation, two components of global environmental change, act in a synergistic way. They enhance the effect of one another, resulting in greater long-term and year-to-year changes in the composition of grasslands.
机译：气候变化和土地利用变化是人类引起的全球环境变化的两个主要因素。在温带草原和林地中，干旱等极端天气事件的发生频率增加，野火的严重性增加，已经改变了植被的结构和动态。在本文中，我们研究了野火的影响以及降水量的逐年差异对部分受野火干扰的森林草原复杂生态系统的半干旱草原物种组成变化的影响。尤其是，我们调查了长期组成差异和物种丰富度如何受到烧毁和未烧毁地区逐年降水差异的影响。研究地点位于匈牙利中部，保护区的特点是部分燃烧的杜松杨杨林-草原生物多样性高。数据来自Kiskunság国家公园的两个长期监测点，两个监测点都具有相同的栖息地。我们使用距离衰减方法研究了物种组成随时间的变化。在每个采样区域中，成分差异随着采样事件之间时间的流逝而增加，并且物种丰富度差异随着连续年份之间降水差异的增加而增加。我们发现，长期的组成差异和物种丰富度的逐年变化都比未燃烧地区高。长期的组成差异主要是由多年生物种引起的，而物种丰富度的逐年变化是由一年生和两年生物种驱动的。由于在烧毁地区降水量逐年变化的影响更为明显，因此我们得出结论，全球环境变化的两个组成部分，由野火清除冠层和极端的年际降水量变化具有协同作用。它们相互促进作用，导致草原组成的长期和逐年变化更大。

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