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How to make complexity look simple? Conveying ecosystems restoration complexity for socio-economic research and public engagement

机译：如何使复杂性看起来简单？为社会经济研究和公众参与传达生态系统恢复的复杂性

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Ecosystems degradation represents one of the major global challenges at the present time, threating people’s livelihoods and well-being worldwide. Ecosystem restoration therefore seems no longer an option, but an imperative. Restoration challenges are such that a dialogue has begun on the need to re-shape restoration as a science. A critical aspect of that reshaping process is the acceptance that restoration science and practice needs to be coupled with socio-economic research and public engagement. This inescapably means conveying complex ecosystem’s information in a way that is accessible to the wider public. In this paper we take up this challenge with the ultimate aim of contributing to making a step change in science’s contribution to ecosystems restoration practice. Using peatlands as a paradigmatically complex ecosystem, we put in place a transdisciplinary process to articulate a description of the processes and outcomes of restoration that can be understood widely by the public. We provide evidence of the usefulness of the process and tools in addressing four key challenges relevant to restoration of any complex ecosystem: (1) how to represent restoration outcomes; (2) how to establish a restoration reference; (3) how to cope with varying restoration time-lags and (4) how to define spatial units for restoration. This evidence includes the way the process resulted in the creation of materials that are now being used by restoration practitioners for communication with the public and in other research contexts. Our main contribution is of an epistemological nature: while ecosystem services-based approaches have enhanced the integration of academic disciplines and non-specialist knowledge, this has so far only followed one direction (from the biophysical underpinning to the description of ecosystem services and their appreciation by the public). We propose that it is the mix of approaches and epistemological directions (including from the public to the biophysical parameters) what will make a definitive contribution to restoration practice.
机译：生态系统退化是当前全球面临的主要挑战之一，威胁着全球人民的生活和福祉。因此，恢复生态系统似乎不再是一种选择，而是当务之急。恢复方面的挑战是如此巨大，以至于就重新塑造恢复作为一门科学的必要性展开了对话。重塑过程的一个关键方面是接受恢复科学和实践需要与社会经济研究和公众参与相结合的观点。这不可避免地意味着以更广泛的公众可以访问的方式传达复杂的生态系统信息。在本文中，我们将面对这一挑战，其最终目的是为逐步改变科学对生态系统恢复实践的贡献做出贡献。使用泥炭地作为范式复杂的生态系统，我们建立了一个跨学科的过程，以阐明对恢复过程和结果的描述，公众可以广泛理解。我们提供了该过程和工具在应对与任何复杂生态系统的恢复相关的四个关键挑战方面的有用性的证据：（1）如何表示恢复结果； （2）如何建立恢复参考； （3）如何应对变化的恢复时滞，以及（4）如何定义恢复的空间单位。该证据包括该过程导致创建材料的方式，这些材料现已被修复从业人员用来与公众和其他研究环境进行交流。我们的主要贡献是认识论性质的：尽管基于生态系统服务的方法增强了学科和非专业知识的整合，但到目前为止，它仅遵循一个方向（从生物物理基础到对生态系统服务及其描述的描述）公众）。我们认为，方法和认识论方向（包括从公众到生物物理参数）的混合将对恢复实践做出明确的贡献。

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