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>Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization to achieve expected yield and improve yield components of mung bean
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Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization to achieve expected yield and improve yield components of mung bean
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important edible bean in the human diet worldwide. However, its growth, development, and yield may be restricted or limited by insufficient or unbalanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization. Despite this, there are few long-term studies of the effects of varying levels of N, P, and K combined fertilizers and the optimal fertilization for improving mung bean yield and quality. This study was conducted to optimize the fertilization strategies for high yield and to improve yield components (pods per plant, seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight) in the Bailv9 mung bean cultivar, 23 treatments were tested in 2013–2015, using a three-factor (N, P, and K fertilizers), five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. Our studies showed that, the N, P, and K fertilizers significantly influenced the pods per plant and yield, which increased and then decreased with the increasing N, P, and K fertilizers. The 100-seed weight was significantly affected by the N and P fertilization, and it was increased consistently with the increasing N fertilizer, and decreased significantly with the increasing P fertilizer. Whereas, the seeds per pod significantly decreased with the increasing N and K fertilizers, and the P fertilizer had no significant effect on it. The NP interaction had a significant effect on yield and pods per plant at high N levels, while the NK interaction had a significant but opposite effect on yield at low N levels. The optimal fertilization conditions to obtain yield >2,141.69 kg ha-1 were 34.38–42.62 kg ha-1 N, 17.55–21.70 kg ha-1 P2O5, and 53.23–67.29 kg ha-1 K2O. Moreover, the optimal N, P, and K fertilization interval to achieve pods per plant > 23.41 and the optimal N fertilization to achieve a 100-seed weight > 6.58 g intersected with the interval for yield, but the seeds per pod did not. The fertilizer ratio for the maximum yield was N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.5:1.59. Following three years experimentation, the optimal fertilization measures were validated in 2016–2017, the results indicated that yield increased by 19.6% than that obtained using conventional fertilization. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for high-yield mung bean cultivation using the optimal fertilization measures.
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机译：绿豆（Vigna radiata L.）是全世界人类饮食中重要的食用豆。但是，其生长，发育和产量可能会因氮（N），磷（P）和钾（K）施肥不足或不平衡而受到限制或限制。尽管如此，关于氮，磷和钾不同水平的肥料以及提高绿豆产量和质量的最佳施肥效果的长期研究很少。这项研究的目的是优化Bailv9绿豆品种的高产施肥策略并提高产量成分（每株豆荚，每粒种子和100粒重），2013-2015年对23种处理方法进行了测试，使用三因子（氮，磷和钾肥），五级二次正交旋转组合设计。我们的研究表明，氮，磷和钾肥对单株豆荚和单产的影响显着，氮，磷和钾肥的含量先升高后降低。氮，磷肥对100粒重有显着影响，氮肥与磷肥配比随重量的增加而增加，磷肥与磷肥配比的增加则明显降低。然而，随着氮，钾肥的增加，每荚的种子明显减少，而磷肥对其没有显着影响。在高氮水平下，NP相互作用对单株荚果的产量和荚果有显着影响，而在低氮水平下，NK相互作用对产量具有显着但相反的效应。获得> 2,141.69 kg ha -1 的最佳施肥条件是N. 34.38–42.62 kg ha -1 ，17.55–21.70 kg ha -1 P2O5和53.23–67.29 kg ha -1 K2O。此外，获得单株豆荚的最佳氮，磷和钾的施肥间隔大于23.41，达到100粒重> 6.58 g的最佳氮肥的施肥间隔与产量间隔相交，但每个荚的种子没有。最高产量的肥料比例为N：P2O5：K2O = 1：0.5：1.59。经过三年的试验，最佳施肥措施在2016–2017年得到了验证，结果表明单产比常规施肥提高了19.6％。研究结果为采用最佳施肥措施的绿豆高产栽培提供了理论依据和技术指导。
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