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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and the potential environmental risk in excessively fertilized vegetable soils
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Irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and the potential environmental risk in excessively fertilized vegetable soils

机译：在过度施肥的蔬菜土壤中，灌溉比施肥对淋溶水质量和潜在的环境风险的影响更大。

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Excessive fertilization is a common agricultural practice that often negatively influence soil and environmental quality in intensive vegetable production systems in China. To reduce negative effects of excessive fertilization, current studies generally focused on fertilizer management but not irrigation. In this study, we investigated the effects of fertilization and irrigation on soil properties, leaching water characteristics, plant growth, cucumber yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) in a double cropping system. The treatments included (i) conventional irrigation with conventional N fertilization (IcNc), (ii) optimal irrigation with conventional N fertilization (IoNc), (iii) conventional irrigation with optimal N fertilization (IcNo), and (iv) optimal irrigation with optimal N fertilization (IoNo). In general, fertilization merely influenced concentrations of nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), but did not affect most leaching water characteristics. In contrast, irrigation influenced pH, EC and concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cu. Cumulative leached amounts of NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn were significantly decreased by optimal irrigation as compared to conventional irrigation under same fertilization conditions, but not by optimal fertilization as compared to conventional fertilization under same irrigation conditions. The leachate volume was strongly positively correlated with cumulative leached amounts of all tested elements, and these relationships were obviously influenced by irrigation but not fertilization. The IoNo treatment significantly increased both IWUE and PFPN as compared to the IcNc treatment. However, the IcNo treatment only enhanced PFPN, while the IoNc treatment improved IWUE, when compared to the IcNc treatment. Our results suggested that irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and that the optimal irrigation combined with optimal fertilization was efficient in reducing the potential environmental risk caused by excessive fertilization in intensive vegetable production systems.
机译：施肥过量是一种常见的农业实践，在中国集约化蔬菜生产系统中经常对土壤和环境质量产生负面影响。为了减少过度施肥的负面影响，目前的研究通常集中在肥料管理上，而不是灌溉方面。在这项研究中，我们调查了双季种植系统中施肥和灌溉对土壤特性，淋水特征，植物生长，黄瓜产量，灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）和氮的部分生产力（PFPN）的影响。处理措施包括（i）常规氮肥（IcNc）的常规灌溉，（ii）常规氮肥（IoNc）的最佳灌溉，（iii）最优氮肥（IcNo）的常规灌溉和（iv）最优氮肥的最佳灌溉氮肥（IoNo）。通常，施肥仅影响硝酸盐（NO3 -），磷（P）和钾（K）的浓度，但不影响大多数浸出水的特性。相反，灌溉影响pH，EC和P，K，Ca，Mg，Na和Cu的浓度。在相同的施肥条件下，与常规灌溉相比，最优灌溉显着减少了NO3 -，P，K，Ca，Mg，Na，Fe，Cu和Zn的累计浸出量，但没有通过最优施肥与相同灌溉条件下的常规施肥相比渗滤液的体积与所有测试元素的累积浸出量呈极强的正相关，这些关系显然受到灌溉的影响，但不受施肥的影响。与IcNc治疗相比，IoNo治疗显着增加了IWUE和PFPN。但是，与IcNc治疗相比，IcNo治疗仅增强PFPN，而IoNc治疗改善IWUE。我们的研究结果表明，灌溉对浸出水质量的影响大于施肥，并且最佳灌溉与最佳施肥相结合可以有效减少集约化蔬菜生产系统中过度施肥引起的潜在环境风险。

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