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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Effects of human impacts on habitat use, activity patterns and ecological relationships among medium and small felids of the Atlantic Forest
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Effects of human impacts on habitat use, activity patterns and ecological relationships among medium and small felids of the Atlantic Forest

机译：人为影响对大西洋森林中小型猫科动物的栖息地利用，活动模式和生态关系的影响

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摘要

Competition theory and niche theory suggest that two morphologically similar species may coexist by reducing the overlap of at least one dimension of their ecological niche. The medium and small Neotropical felids are an interesting group of carnivore species for studying intraguild competition. Due to differences in size it is expected that the larger ocelot exert strong interference competition on the smaller felids (southern tiger cat, margay and jaguarundi); which, in turn, may exert exploitative competition among themselves. Moreover, landscape changes due to human activities may alter these interspecific interactions. We studied the habitat use and the spatial and temporal interspecific relations of the medium and small Atlantic Forest felids, in a landscape with different levels of anthropogenic impact. We estimated the detection probability, and occupancy probability of these cats and whether these parameters are affected by environmental and anthropogenic variables or by the estimated occupancy and detection probability of the ocelot. We estimated the overlap in daily activity patterns between pairs of the four species and changes in their activity in response to anthropogenic impact. We also studied the potential changes that may have occurred in the daily activity of the small felids in relation to ocelot's occupancy probability. The probability of habitat use of the small- and medium-size felids was negatively associated to the intensity of landscape use by humans. Co-occurrence models indicated that the probability of habitat use by southern tiger cats decreased with ocelot occupancy probability. This effect was higher as human disturbance increased. Moreover, the ocelot and the southern tiger cat became more nocturnal in sites with higher human access, suggesting that they may be temporally avoiding encounters with humans or dogs. Conservation of medium and small felids in the Atlantic Forest depends not only on the establishment and implementations of protected areas but also on the management of human's land uses.
机译：竞争理论和生态位理论表明，两种形态相似的物种可以通过减少其生态位的至少一维重叠来共存。中小型新热带猫科动物是一组有趣的食肉动物，用于研究公会内竞争。由于大小的差异，预计较大的豹猫会对较小的猫科动物（南部虎猫，玛格比和美洲虎）产生强烈的干扰竞争；反过来，它们之间可能会进行剥削性竞争。此外，由于人类活动引起的景观变化可能会改变这些种间相互作用。我们研究了在具有不同水平的人为影响的景观中，中小型大西洋森林猫科动物的栖息地利用以及时空种间关系。我们估计了这些猫的检测概率和占用率，以及这些参数是否受到环境和人为因素的影响，还是受豹猫的估计占用率和检测率的影响。我们估计了这四个物种对之间的日常活动模式的重叠以及它们在响应人为影响时的活动变化。我们还研究了小猫科动物日常活动中与豹猫的占用概率相关的潜在变化。中小型猫科动物栖息地利用的可能性与人类对景观的利用强度呈负相关。共现模型表明，南方虎猫使用栖息地的概率随豹猫的占用概率而降低。随着人为干扰的增加，这种效果更高。此外，豹猫和南方虎猫在人类接触较多的地方夜间活动更为频繁，这表明它们可能暂时避免与人或狗相遇。保护大西洋森林中的中小型猫科动物不仅取决于保护区的建立和实施，还取决于人类土地利用的管理。

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