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Vanishing industries and the rising monopoly of universities in published research

机译:消失的行业和大学在已发表研究中的日益垄断

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摘要

Anecdotes abound regarding the decline of basic research in industrial and governmental settings, but very little empirical evidence exists about the phenomenon. This article provides a systematic and historical analysis of the contribution of various institutional sectors to knowledge production at the world and country levels across the past four decades. It highlights a dramatic decline in the diffusion of basic research by industrial and governmental sectors across all countries—with a corresponding increase in the share from universities—as well as an increase of partnerships between universities and other sectors. Results also shows an increase in the relative share of industries in applied research, as measured through patents. Such divergence in university and industry research activities may hinder industries’ ability to translate basic knowledge into technological innovation, and could lead to a growing misalignment between doctoral training and future job expectations. Industries and universities must rethink strategies for partnerships and publishing to maximize scientific progress and to ensure the greatest gains for society.
机译:关于工业和政府机构基础研究的衰落,有很多轶事,但是关于这种现象的经验证据很少。本文对过去四个十年中各种机构部门对世界和国家层面的知识生产的贡献进行了系统的历史分析。它着重说明了工业和政府部门在所有国家/地区对基础研究的传播急剧下降,同时大学所占份额也相应增加,并且大学与其他部门之间的伙伴关系也有所增加。结果还表明,通过专利衡量的应用研究行业的相对份额有所增加。大学和行业研究活动中的这种差异可能会阻碍行业将基础知识转化为技术创新的能力,并可能导致博士培训和未来工作期望之间越来越严重的矛盾。工业界和大学必须重新考虑伙伴关系和出版策略,以最大程度地提高科学进步并确保为社会带来最大的收益。

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