Prediction of the caved rock zones’ scope induced by caving mining method

机译：崩落采矿法诱发塌陷岩带范围的预测

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Critical medium column theory has typically been used to predict the scope of caved rock zone (CRZ) caused by caving mining method. It is essential to understand the distribution laws of lateral pressure induced by caving mining method with different dipping angles. In this study, a self-designed scaled physical model was used to investigate the distribution laws with angles ranging from 80° to 90°, and ore drawing was employed in experiments to simulate caving mining method. The experimental results indicated that the distribution laws were divided into the reductive region and the extensive region during ore drawing. The reductive region was close to the drawing hole, and its scope was smaller than the other part. Moreover, decreasing the dipping angle was an effective way of controlling the maximum reduction rates and the scope of reductive region. By varying laws of lateral pressure, the predictive model of CRZs’ scope was established. Additionally, the rock mass located outside the predictive CRZs’ scope did not rupture based on the monitoring of Digital Optical Televiewing (OPTV), which was verified by the field test in Dabeishan Iron Mine, China. The results of the field test demonstrated that the prediction method used in this study was valid and could be used in practice.

机译：临界介质柱理论通常用于预测因崩落开采法引起的塌陷岩带（CRZ）的范围。了解不同倾角的崩落开采方法引起的侧向压力分布规律是至关重要的。在这项研究中，使用了一个自行设计的比例物理模型来研究角度在80°至90°范围内的分布规律，并且在实验中采用了矿石绘制来模拟崩落开采方法。实验结果表明，在抽矿过程中，分布规律分为还原区和扩展区。还原区靠近抽气孔，其范围小于其他部分。此外，减小倾角是控制最大还原率和还原区范围的有效方法。通过改变侧向压力定律，建立了CRZ范围的预测模型。此外，根据对数字光学电视（OPTV）的监测，位于CRZ预测范围之外的岩体也不会破裂，该监测已在中国大北山铁矿进行了现场测试。现场测试的结果表明，本研究中使用的预测方法是有效的，可以在实践中使用。

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期刊名称 PLoS Clinical Trials
作者
Fengyu Ren; Yang Liu; Jianli Cao; Rongxing He; Yu Fu; Yanjun Zhou; Huan Liu;
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年(卷),期 2012(13),8
年度 2012
页码 e0202221
总页数 16
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1. Effects of caving-mining ratio on the coal and waste rocks gangue flows and the amount of cyclically caved coal in fully mechanized mining of super-thick coal seams [J] . Zhang Ningbo, Liu Changyou, Pei Mengsong 矿业科学技术（英文版） . 2015,第001期

机译：特厚煤层综采放顶煤率对煤flows石flows石流和循环溶煤量的影响。
2. Effects of caving-mining ratio on the coal and waste rocks gangue flows and the amount of cyclically caved coal in fully mechanized mining of super-thick coal seams [J] . Zhang Ningbo, Liu Changyou, Pei Mengsong 矿业科学技术学报：英文版 . 2015,第001期

机译：特厚煤层综采放顶煤率对煤flows石flows石流和循环溶煤量的影响。
3. Basic model for Surface Subsidence and Rock Strata Caving ——Caving and subsidence of rock strate by wall type mining (1st Report) [J] . S.G. Nakajima 資源と素材: 资源·素材学会志 . 1999,第3期

机译：地表沉陷和岩层崩落的基本模型-壁式开采对岩石基质的崩落和沉陷（第一报告）
4. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and its Potential to Monitor Subsidence Over Caving Zones Induced by Underground Mining [C] . A Jarosz, H Zahiri International Future Mining Conference and Exhibition . 2008

机译：干涉式合成孔径雷达（INSAR）及其监测地下采矿引起的塌陷区沉降的潜力
5. Minimum Number of Individuals: A Methodological Comparison Using Human Remains from Caves Branch Rockshelter in the Cayo District of Belize [D] . Stewart, Caitlin. 2019

机译：最少数量的个人：使用人类的方法学比较来自Cayes Branch Rockhelatter在伯利兹的Cayo区
6. A multifactor coupling prediction model for the failure depth of floor rocks in fully mechanized caving mining: a numerical and in situ study [O] . Yulong Jiang, Tingting Cai, Xiaoqiang Zhang 2019

机译：综放开采底板岩石破坏深度的多因素耦合预测模型：数值与原位研究
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Longwall-Caving Mining Method for Thick Coal. Design and Feasibility Study. Volume I. [R] . wallis, m. g. reeves, p. g. 1978

机译：厚煤层长壁放顶煤开采方法。设计和可行性研究。第一卷

Prediction of the caved rock zones’ scope induced by caving mining method

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