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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Patterns of livestock depredation by tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus) in and around Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India
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Patterns of livestock depredation by tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus) in and around Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India

机译：印度北阿坎德邦科贝特老虎保护区及其周边地区的老虎（Panthera tigris）和豹（Panthera pardus）掠夺牲畜的方式

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摘要

India with estimated more than 2000 tigers (across 18 states) accounts for more than half of the remaining tigers across its range countries. Long-term conservation requires measures to protect the large carnivores and its prey base beyond the Protect Areas. The Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) and adjoining forest divisions with high density of tigers play a crucial role in conservation of tiger in Uttarakhand state as well as the Terai-Arc Landscape. However, CTR is surrounded with multiple-use forest (forest divisions), agriculture land, human habitation, townships and developmental projects. The movement of large carnivores and other wildlife through such habitats adds to the chances of human-wildlife conflict. The aim of the current study was to understand the patterns of livestock depredation by tigers and leopards in and around CTR. We examined a total of 8365 incidents of livestock depredation between 2006 and 2015 with tigers killing more livestock in a year (573.3±41.2) than leopards (263.2±9.9). Geographically, in north zone of CTR leopards were the major livestock predator (166.6±11), whereas tigers (547.7±40.1) in south zone. Examination of livestock kills indicated cows (75%) as the main victim, followed by buffaloes and other species. Analysis revealed that the livestock depredation by tigers varied significantly among seasons in south zone but not in north zone. However, such an explicit seasonal variation was not observed for leopards in north and south zone of CTR. Hotspots of livestock predation were identified around CTR. Addressing a conflict situation in a time-bound manner, timely disbursement of ex-gratia payment, involving locals at various tourism related activities and consistent rapport building initiatives are required to mitigate the human-wildlife conflict.
机译：印度估计有超过2000只老虎（横跨18个州），占其分布范围内其余老虎的一半以上。长期养护需要采取措施保护大型肉食动物及其保护区以外的猎物基地。 Corbett老虎保护区（CTR）和高密度老虎的毗邻森林分区在北阿坎德邦州的老虎保护以及Terai-Arc景观中发挥着至关重要的作用。但是，CTR周围有多用途森林（林区），农业用地，人类居住区，城镇和发展项目。大型食肉动物和其他野生动植物通过此类栖息地流动增加了人类与野生动物冲突的机会。本研究的目的是了解点击率及其周围老虎和豹子对牲畜的掠夺模式。我们调查了2006年至2015年期间发生的总共8365起牲畜掠夺事件，其中老虎每年杀死的牲畜（573.3±41.2）比豹（263.2±9.9）多。从地理上讲，在CTR北部地区，豹是主要的家畜捕食者（166.6±11），而南部地区是老虎（547.7±40.1）。检查牲畜致死率表明，母牛（75％）是主要受害者，其次是水牛和其他物种。分析表明，在南部地区，老虎的家畜掠夺性随季节而变化，而在北部地区则没有。但是，CTR北部和南部地区的豹子没有观察到这种明显的季节性变化。在CTR周围发现了牲畜捕食的热点。为解决冲突局面，需要时限性支付惠给金，使当地人参与与旅游业相关的各种活动，并采取持续的融洽关系建设举措，以减轻人与野生动物之间的冲突。

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