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Analyzing ecological restoration strategies for water and soil conservation

机译：分析水土保持的生态恢复策略

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The choice of areas for nature conservation involves the attempt to maximize the benefits, whether by carrying out an economic activity or by the provision of Ecosystem Services. Studies are needed to improve the understanding of the effect of the extent and position along the watershed of restored areas on soil and water conservation. This study aimed to understand how different restoration strategies might reflect in soil conservation and sediment retention. Using InVEST tool, sediment transport was simulated in a small 12 km2 watershed (Posses River, in Southeast Brazil), where one of first Brazilian Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) projects is being carried out, comparing different hypothetical restoration strategies. With 25% of restoration, sediment export decreased by 78% for riparian restoration, and 27% for the steepest slopes restoration. On the other hand, the decrease in soil loss was lower for riparian restoration, with a 16% decrease, while the steepest slopes restoration reduced it by 21%. This mismatch between the reduction of sediment export and soil loss was explained by the fact that forest not only reduces soil loss locally but also traps sediment arriving from the upper parts of the watershed. While the first mechanism is important to provide soil stability, decreasing the risk of landslip, and to maintain agricultural productivity, the second can improve water quality and decrease the risk of silting, with positive effects on the water reservoirs at the outlet of the watershed. This suggests that Riparian and the Steepest Slopes restoration strategies are complementary in the sense of preventing sediments from reaching the water bodies as well as protecting them at their origin (with the reduction of erosion), so it will be advisable to consider the two types of restoration.
机译：自然保护区的选择涉及通过进行经济活动或提供生态系统服务来最大化利益的尝试。需要进行研究以增进对恢复区流域范围和位置对水土保持的影响的了解。这项研究旨在了解不同的恢复策略可能如何反映土壤保护和沉积物保留。使用InVEST工具，在一个12 km 2 小流域（巴西东南部的波斯河）中模拟了沉积物的运输，该项目正在巴西进行的第一个生态系统服务付费项目（PES）之一，不同的假设恢复策略。进行25％的修复后，河岸修复物的沉积物出口减少了78％，而最陡峭的斜坡修复物则减少了27％。另一方面，对于河岸恢复而言，土壤流失的减少较低，减少了16％，而最陡峭的斜坡恢复使土壤损失减少了21％。沉积物出口减少与土壤流失之间的这种失配是因为森林不仅减少了本地土壤流失，而且还捕获了从流域上部到达的沉积物。尽管第一种机制对于提供土壤稳定性，降低滑坡风险和维持农业生产力很重要，但第二种机制可以改善水质并降低淤积风险，对流域出口处的水库产生积极影响。这表明，在防止沉积物到达水体以及在其源头保护沉积物（减少侵蚀）的意义上，河岸和最陡坡恢复策略是互补的，因此建议考虑两种类型的恢复。

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