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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods: A meta-analysis
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Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods: A meta-analysis

机译：比较传统耕作和替代耕作方法处理的土壤中的入渗速率：荟萃分析

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Identifying agricultural practices that enhance water cycling is critical, particularly with increased rainfall variability and greater risks of droughts and floods. Soil infiltration rates offer useful insights to water cycling in farming systems because they affect both yields (through soil water availability) and other ecosystem outcomes (such as pollution and flooding from runoff). For example, conventional agricultural practices that leave soils bare and vulnerable to degradation are believed to limit the capacity of soils to quickly absorb and retain water needed for crop growth. Further, it is widely assumed that farming methods such as no-till and cover crops can improve infiltration rates. Despite interest in the impacts of agricultural practices on infiltration rates, this effect has not been systematically quantified across a range of practices. To evaluate how conventional practices affect infiltration rates relative to select alternative practices (no-till, cover crops, crop rotation, introducing perennials, crop and livestock systems), we performed a meta-analysis that included 89 studies with field trials comparing at least one such alternative practice to conventional management. We found that introducing perennials (grasses, agroforestry, managed forestry) or cover crops led to the largest increases in infiltration rates (mean responses of 59.2 ± 20.9% and 34.8 ± 7.7%, respectively). Also, although the overall effect of no-till was non-significant (5.7 ± 9.7%), the practice led to increases in wetter climates and when combined with residue retention. The effect of crop rotation on infiltration rate was non-significant (18.5 ± 13.2%), and studies evaluating impacts of grazing on croplands indicated that this practice reduced infiltration rates (-21.3 ± 14.9%). Findings suggest that practices promoting ground cover and continuous roots, both of which improve soil structure, were most effective at increasing infiltration rates.
机译：确定促进水循环的农业实践至关重要，尤其是随着降雨变化性增加以及干旱和洪水风险增加的情况。土壤渗透率为农业系统中的水循环提供了有用的见解，因为它们会影响产量（通过土壤水的供应）和其他生态系统的结果（例如污染和径流带来的洪水）。例如，认为使土壤裸露且易于退化的常规农业实践限制了土壤快速吸收和保留作物生长所需的水分的能力。此外，人们普遍认为，免耕和覆盖作物等耕作方法可以提高渗透率。尽管对农业实践对渗透率的影响感兴趣，但尚未在一系列实践中系统地量化这种影响。为了评估传统做法相对于替代做法（免耕，覆盖作物，轮作，多年生植物，作物和牲畜系统的引入）相对于入渗率的影响，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，其中包括89项研究，其中至少有一项与田间试验进行了比较。这种替代常规管理的做法。我们发现，引入多年生植物（草木，农林业，经管理的林业）或覆盖作物可导致最大的入渗率增加（平均响应分别为59.2±20.9％和34.8±7.7％）。同样，尽管免耕的总体效果不显着（5.7±9.7％），但这种做法导致了潮湿气候的增加以及与残留物的结合。轮作对渗透率的影响不显着（18.5±13.2％），评估放牧对农田影响的研究表明，这种做法降低了渗透率（-21.3±14.9％）。研究结果表明，促进地被植物和连续根系（这两者均能改善土壤结构）的做法在增加入渗率方面最有效。

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