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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Climate vulnerability assessment for Pacific salmon and steelhead in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem
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Climate vulnerability assessment for Pacific salmon and steelhead in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

机译：加利福尼亚当前大型海洋生态系统中太平洋鲑鱼和硬头鱼的气候脆弱性评估

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Major ecological realignments are already occurring in response to climate change. To be successful, conservation strategies now need to account for geographical patterns in traits sensitive to climate change, as well as climate threats to species-level diversity. As part of an effort to provide such information, we conducted a climate vulnerability assessment that included all anadromous Pacific salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.) population units listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Using an expert-based scoring system, we ranked 20 attributes for the 28 listed units and 5 additional units. Attributes captured biological sensitivity, or the strength of linkages between each listing unit and the present climate; climate exposure, or the magnitude of projected change in local environmental conditions; and adaptive capacity, or the ability to modify phenotypes to cope with new climatic conditions. Each listing unit was then assigned one of four vulnerability categories. Units ranked most vulnerable overall were Chinook (O. tshawytscha) in the California Central Valley, coho (O. kisutch) in California and southern Oregon, sockeye (O. nerka) in the Snake River Basin, and spring-run Chinook in the interior Columbia and Willamette River Basins. We identified units with similar vulnerability profiles using a hierarchical cluster analysis. Life history characteristics, especially freshwater and estuary residence times, interplayed with gradations in exposure from south to north and from coastal to interior regions to generate landscape-level patterns within each species. Nearly all listing units faced high exposures to projected increases in stream temperature, sea surface temperature, and ocean acidification, but other aspects of exposure peaked in particular regions. Anthropogenic factors, especially migration barriers, habitat degradation, and hatchery influence, have reduced the adaptive capacity of most steelhead and salmon populations. Enhancing adaptive capacity is essential to mitigate for the increasing threat of climate change. Collectively, these results provide a framework to support recovery planning that considers climate impacts on the majority of West Coast anadromous salmonids.
机译：为了应对气候变化，已经在进行重大的生态调整。为了取得成功，保护战略现在需要考虑对气候变化敏感的性状的地理格局，以及对物种水平多样性的气候威胁。为了提供此类信息，我们进行了一项气候脆弱性评估，其中包括了《美国濒危物种法》中列出的所有太平洋太平洋鲑鱼和硬头（Oncorhynchus spp。）种群单位。使用基于专家的评分系统，我们为列出的28个单位和5个其他单位排名了20个属性。属性反映了生物敏感性，或每个清单单位与当前气候之间的联系强度；气候暴露或当地环境条件的预计变化幅度；适应能力，或修改表型以适应新的气候条件的能力。然后，为每个列表单位分配了四个漏洞类别之一。总体上最脆弱的单位是加利福尼亚中央谷地的奇努克（O. tshawytscha），加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州南部的银鳕鱼（O. kisutch），斯内克河流域的红鲑（O. nerka）以及内部的春季运行奇努克哥伦比亚和威拉米特河流域。我们使用层次聚类分析确定了具有相似漏洞配置文件的单元。生命历史特征，尤其是淡水和河口停留时间，与从南到北以及从沿海到内陆地区的暴露等级相互影响，从而在每个物种内产生景观水平的格局。几乎所有上市单位都面临着预计的溪流温度，海面温度和海洋酸化升高的高风险，但在其他特定领域，暴露的其他方面达到了顶峰。人为因素，特别是迁移壁垒，栖息地退化和孵化场影响，已降低了大多数硬头和鲑鱼种群的适应能力。增强适应能力对于缓解日益严重的气候变化威胁至关重要。总而言之，这些结果提供了一个支持恢复计划的框架，该框架考虑了气候对大多数西海岸无水鲑鱼的影响。

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