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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Linguistic processes do not beat visuo-motor constraints, but they modulate where the eyes move regardless of word boundaries: Evidence against top-down word-based eye-movement control during reading
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Linguistic processes do not beat visuo-motor constraints, but they modulate where the eyes move regardless of word boundaries: Evidence against top-down word-based eye-movement control during reading

机译：语言过程并没有克服视觉运动限制，但它们调节了眼睛移动的位置，而不管单词的边界如何：反对在阅读过程中基于自上而下的基于单词的眼睛运动控制的证据

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摘要

Where readers move their eyes, while proceeding forward along lines of text, has long been assumed to be determined in a top-down word-based manner. According to this classical view, readers of alphabetic languages would invariably program their saccades towards the center of peripheral target words, as selected based on the (expected) needs of ongoing (word-identification) processing, and the variability in within-word landing positions would exclusively result from systematic and random errors. Here we put this predominant hypothesis to a strong test by estimating the respective influences of language-related variables (word frequency and word predictability) and lower-level visuo-motor factors (word length and saccadic launch-site distance to the beginning of words) on both word-skipping likelihood and within-word landing positions. Our eye-movement data were collected while forty participants read 316 pairs of sentences, that differed only by one word, the prime; this was either semantically related or unrelated to a following test word of variable frequency and length. We found that low-level visuo-motor variables largely predominated in determining which word would be fixated next, and where in a word the eye would land. In comparison, language-related variables only had tiny influences. Yet, linguistic variables affected both the likelihood of word skipping and within-word initial landing positions, all depending on the words’ length and how far on average the eye landed from the word boundaries, but pending the word could benefit from peripheral preview. These findings provide a strong case against the predominant word-based account of eye-movement guidance during reading, by showing that saccades are primarily driven by low-level visuo-motor processes, regardless of word boundaries, while being overall subject to subtle, one-off, language-based modulations. Our results also suggest that overall distributions of saccades’ landing positions, instead of truncated within-word landing-site distributions, should be used for a better understanding of eye-movement guidance during reading.
机译：长期以来，假定读者在沿文本行前进时移动眼睛的位置是根据自上而下的基于单词的方式确定的。根据这种经典观点，字母语言的读者将始终根据周围（单词识别）处理的（预期）需求以及单词内着陆位置的变化情况，将其扫视程序编程到外围目标单词的中心完全是系统错误和随机错误造成的。在这里，我们通过估计与语言相关的变量（单词频率和单词可预测性）和较低级别的视觉运动因素（单词长度和到单词开头的acc声发射点距离）的相应影响，对这一主要假设进行了强有力的检验。跳过单词的可能性和单词内着陆位置。我们收集了我们的眼动数据，同时有40名参与者朗读了316对句子，它们之间仅相差一个词即素数；这在语义上与后续的频率和长度可变的测试字无关。我们发现，低级视觉运动变量在决定接下来固定哪个词以及眼睛落在何处时占主导地位。相比之下，与语言相关的变量影响很小。但是，语言变量会影响单词跳过的可能性和单词内初始着陆位置，所有这些都取决于单词的长度以及平均眼距单词边界的平均距离，但是待定单词可能会受益于外围预览。这些发现提供了有力的证据，可以证明阅读过程主要由低级视觉运动过程驱动，而不管单词边界如何，而扫视主要由低级的视觉运动过程驱动，而总体上则受到细微的限制-off，基于语言的调制。我们的结果还表明，应该使用扫视着陆位置的整体分布，而不是截断单词内的着陆点分布，以更好地理解阅读过程中的眼动指导。

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