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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Measures for sustainable forest management in the tropics – A tree-ring based case study on tree growth and forest dynamics in a Central Amazonian lowland moist forest
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Measures for sustainable forest management in the tropics – A tree-ring based case study on tree growth and forest dynamics in a Central Amazonian lowland moist forest

机译：热带地区可持续森林管理的措施–基于树木年轮的亚马逊中部低地湿润森林树木生长和森林动态的案例研究

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The conservation of tropical forests is recognized as one of the most important challenges for forestry, ecology and politics. Besides strict protection, the sustainable management of natural forests should be enhanced as a key part of the foundation for the maintenance of tropical rain forest ecosystems. Due to methodological reasons it has been complicated to attain reliable growth data to plan sustainable felling cycles and rotation periods. Tree ring analyses enable the estimation of growth rates over the entire life span of trees and their age as well as giving hints from forest dynamics in previous centuries. For tree ring analysis, stem disk samples were taken from three important commercial tree species (Cariniana micrantha, Caryocar villosum and Manilkara huberi) in the upland (terra firme) forests of the Precious Woods Amazon logging company near Itacoatiara, Brazil. Based on radiocarbon estimates of individual growth zones, the annual nature of tree rings was proven for the three species. Tree rings were measured and the results used together with height estimates to model diameter, height and volume growth. The age of the eldest tree, a C. micrantha, was 585 yrs with 165 cm in diameter. The species’ diameter increments range from 0.20±0.12 cm yr-1 to 0.29±0.08 cm yr-1. At first sight, this is considerably lower than increments reported from other Amazonian or African timber species. Considering the respective wood density there is no significant difference in growth performance of dominant timber species across continents. The interpretation of lifetime tree ring curves indicate differences in shadow tolerance among species, the persistence of individuals in the understory for up to 150 years and natural stand dynamics without major disturbances. Management criteria should be adapted for the measured growth rates as they differed considerably from the Brazilian standards fixed by laws (felling cycle of 25–35 years and a common minimum logging diameter of 50 cm). Felling cycles should be increased to 32–51 years and minimum logging diameters to 63–123 cm depending on the species.
机译：保护热带森林是林业，生态和政治面临的最重要挑战之一。除了严格保护外，应加强天然林的可持续管理，这是维护热带雨林生态系统基础的关键部分。由于方法上的原因，要获得可靠的增长数据以计划可持续的采伐周期和轮伐期非常复杂。树木年轮分析可以估算树木整个生命周期及其年龄的增长速度，并可以从前几个世纪的森林动态中获得提示。为了进行年轮分析，从巴西Itacoatiara附近的Precious Woods Amazon伐木公司的陆地（硬地）森林中的三种重要的商业树种（Cariniana micrantha，Caryocar villosum和Manilkara huberi）中提取茎盘样品。根据单个生长区的放射性碳估计，证明了这三个物种的年轮性。测量树木年轮，并将结果与​​高度估算值一起使用，以对直径，高度和体积增长进行建模。最老的树（C. micrantha）的年龄为585年，直径为165厘米。物种的直径增量范围从0.20±0.12 cm yr -1 到0.29±0.08 cm yr -1 。乍一看，这大大低于其他亚马逊或非洲木材物种报告的增量。考虑到各自的木材密度，各大洲主要木材种类的生长性能没有显着差异。生命周期树年轮曲线的解释表明，物种之间的阴影耐受性存在差异，林下个体的持久性长达150年，自然林分动态没有大的干扰。应根据所测得的增长率调整管理标准，因为它们与法律规定的巴西标准相差很大（砍伐周期为25-35年，共同的最小采伐直径为50厘米）。砍伐周期应增加到32-51年，最小伐木直径应增加到63-123 cm，具体取决于物种。

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