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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >How much do we know about seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries? A simulation study on the potential bias caused by the usually unobserved portion of seabird bycatch
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How much do we know about seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries? A simulation study on the potential bias caused by the usually unobserved portion of seabird bycatch

机译：我们对远洋延绳钓渔业中的海鸟兼捕了解多少？通常由海鸟副渔获物未观测部分引起的潜在偏差的模拟研究

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摘要

Not much is known about the fleet level total seabird bycatch from pelagic longlines of United States vessels in the western North Atlantic or other fleets of the Atlantic or other oceans. Onboard observers generally only record seabird bycatch during line hauling. Seabirds are predominantly caught during the line setting stage, and, due to predation or mechanical action, those caught prior to the haul can drop off the hook and be lost to the onboard observer. We developed a model to gauge the size of this bycatch loss problem and provide a first approximation of its impact on estimates of total fleet bycatch. We started with a traditional loss-free bycatch model, which assumes that birds recorded were the only birds captured, and integrated into it two crucial components of the bycatch process: capture origin (set or haul) and bycatch loss of set-captures. We extracted count data on seabird bycatch loss and bycatch mortality from the literature on other longline fisheries and used these data to simulate potential total seabird bycatch in the western North Atlantic. Simulations revealed the shortcomings of both the traditional bycatch model and the current haul-only observer protocol, each of which contributed to biologically significant underestimation of total bycatch and estimation uncertainty. Based on our results, we recommend a loss-corrected modeling approach to provide a more accurate estimate of seabird mortalities in pelagic longline fisheries. Where possible, fishery-specific seabird bycatch loss rates need to be ascertained via specific set and haul observing protocols. But, even where fishery-specific estimates for a region are not available, the methodology developed here is applicable to other pelagic longline fisheries to approximate fleet-level loss-corrected bycatch.
机译：从北大西洋西部的美国船只的远洋延绳钓或大西洋或其他海洋的其他船队的船队级别总海鸟副渔获物知之甚少。船上观察员通常只在拖网时记录海鸟副渔获物。海鸟主要在钓线设定阶段被捕获，由于掠食或机械作用，在拖运之前被捕获的海鸟可能会掉下钩，并丢给机上观察员。我们开发了一个模型来衡量此兼捕损失问题的规模，并提供其对总船队兼捕估计的影响的第一近似值。我们从传统的无损失兼捕模型开始，该模型假设记录的鸟类是唯一捕获的鸟类，并将其整合到兼捕过程的两个关键组成部分：捕获来源（定居或拖运）和兼捕捕获的捕获物。我们从其他延绳钓渔业的文献中提取了海鸟兼捕损失和兼捕死亡率的数据，并使用这些数据模拟了北大西洋西部潜在的总海鸟兼捕量。仿真显示了传统兼捕模型和当前仅拖拉观察员协议的缺点，它们各自都对总兼捕的生物学显着低估和估计不确定性做出了贡献。根据我们的结果，我们建议采用损失校正的建模方法，以更准确地估算中上延绳钓渔业中海鸟的死亡率。在可能的情况下，需要通过特定的捕捞和拖运观测协议来确定特定于渔业的海鸟兼捕损失率。但是，即使无法获得某个地区的渔业特定估计值，此处开发的方法也适用于其他中上延绳钓渔业，以近似船队水平的损失修正兼捕量。

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