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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Maintaining a wild phenotype in a conservation hatchery program for Chinook salmon: The effect of managed breeding on early male maturation
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Maintaining a wild phenotype in a conservation hatchery program for Chinook salmon: The effect of managed breeding on early male maturation

机译：在奇努克鲑鱼保护性孵化场计划中保持野生表型：人工繁殖对雄性早期成熟的影响

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In many salmonid species, age and size at maturation is plastic and influenced by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Hatchery reared salmon often mature at an earlier age and smaller size than wild fish. Modern salmon conservation efforts have focused on managing the level of gene flow between hatchery and natural origin fish to minimize potential genotypic and phenotypic change. In salmonids, maturation probability is dependent on exceeding a genetically set threshold in growth rate and energetic status (and by association, body size) referred to as the probabalisitic maturation reaction norm (PMRN). Over fourteen years, we monitored the frequency of age-2 precocious male maturation (common term: age-2 minijack rate) and the PMRN of natural founder (FNDR), integrated natural-hatchery (INT), and segregated hatchery (SEG) broodlines of spring Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The average age-2 minijack rate (± SEM) of the FNDR, INT and SEG broodlines was 48.2 ± 5.2%, 41.9 ± 3.6% and 30.9 ± 4.7%, respectively. Additionally, the PMRN WP50 (predicted weight at 50% maturation) of the SEG broodline was significantly greater (20.5 g) than that of the FNDR/INT broodlines (18.2 g). We also conducted a common garden experiment exploring the effects of less than one [INT (0–1)], one [SEG (1)] or two [SEG (2)] generations of hatchery culture on the age-2 minijack rate and PMRN WP50. Growth was not significantly different among broodlines, but age-2 minijack rates were significantly lower following two consecutive generations of hatchery culture: [INT (0–1): 68.3 ± 1.7%], [SEG (1): 70.3 ± 1.8%] and [SEG (2): 58.6 ± 0.4%] and the PMRN WP50 was significantly higher by 6.1 g after two generations of SEG culture. These results indicate that managed gene flow reduces phenotypic divergence, but may serve to maintain potentially undesirably high age-2 minijack rates in salmon conservation hatchery programs.
机译：在许多鲑科物种中，成熟时的年龄和大小是可塑性的，并受遗传和环境因素之间相互作用的影响。孵化场饲养的鲑鱼的成熟年龄通常比野生鱼要早，而且大小也比野生鱼小。现代鲑鱼保护工作的重点是管理孵化场和天然鱼类之间的基因流动水平，以最大程度地减少潜在的基因型和表型变化。在鲑鱼中，成熟概率取决于超过遗传设定的生长率和精力充沛状态（以及关联性，体型）阈值，称为概率成熟反应标准（PMRN）。在过去的14年中，我们监测了2岁早熟男性的成熟频率（通用术语：2岁小型成活率）以及自然创始人（FNDR），综合自然孵化场（INT）和隔离孵化场（SEG）孵化场的PMRN的奇努克鲑鱼，Oncorhynchus tshawytscha。 FNDR，INT和SEG育雏线的平均2岁最小起重率（±SEM）分别为48.2±5.2％，41.9±3.6％和30.9±4.7％。此外，SEG育雏线的PMRN WP50（在50％成熟度时的预计重量）显着大于FNDR / INT育雏线的PMRN WP50（20.5克）（18.2克）。我们还进行了一项常见的花园实验，探讨了少于一代[INT（0–1）]，一代[SEG（1）]或两一代[SEG（2）]的孵化场对2岁小型托克率和PMRN WP50。孵化场之间的增长没有显着差异，但是在连续两代孵化场养殖之后，年龄2的小型千斤顶发病率显着降低：[INT（0-1）：68.3±1.7％]，[SEG（1）：70.3±1.8％]和[SEG（2）：58.6±0.4％]，经过两代SEG培养后，PMRN WP50显着提高了6.1 g。这些结果表明管理的基因流减少了表型差异，但可能有助于在鲑鱼保护孵化场计划中维持潜在的不希望的2岁小型起重器率。

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