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Associations of childhood health and financial situation with quality of life after retirement – regional variation across Europe

机译：儿童健康和财务状况与退休后生活质量的关联–欧洲各地的地区差异

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Many studies have shown that childhood circumstances can have long term consequences that persist until old age. To better understand the transmission of early life circumstances, this paper analyses the effects of health and financial situation during childhood on quality of life after retirement as well as the mediating role of later life health, educational level, and income in this association. Moreover, this study is the first to compare these pathways across European regions. The analyses are based on data of 13,092 retirees aged ≥ 60 and ≤ 85 years from the fifth wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with full information on childhood and later life measures of health, educational level, financial situation, and quality of life as well as relevant covariates. Five European regions are studied: Central-Western Europe (Austria, Germany), Central-Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovenia), Northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden), Southern Europe (Italy, Spain), and Western Europe (Belgium, France, The Netherlands). Path analysis is used to identify the direct and indirect effects of childhood measures on quality of life. We find retirees’ quality of life to be associated with childhood finances and health in all five European regions. While both the direct and indirect effects of childhood health are rather moderate and homogeneous across regions, especially the direct effects of childhood finances on quality of life after retirement display a distinct North-South gradient being strongest in Southern Europe. Potential explanations for the regional variations are differences in the countries’ welfare systems.
机译：许多研究表明，儿童时期的情况可能会造成长期后果，一直持续到老年。为了更好地了解早期生活状况的传播，本文分析了童年时期的健康状况和财务状况对退休后生活质量的影响，以及以后的健康状况，教育水平和收入在这种关系中的中介作用。此外，这项研究是第一个在欧洲地区比较这些途径的研究。这些分析是基于欧洲健康，老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）第五次调查中的13092名≥60岁和≤85岁的退休人员的数据，并全面了解了有关儿童和以后的健康状况，教育程度，财务状况，生活质量以及相关的协变量。研究了五个欧洲地区：中西欧（奥地利，德国），中东欧（捷克共和国，爱沙尼亚，斯洛文尼亚），北欧（丹麦，瑞典），南欧（意大利，西班牙）和西欧（比利时） ，法国，荷兰）。路径分析用于确定儿童时期措施对生活质量的直接和间接影响。我们发现，在所有五个欧洲地区，退休人员的生活质量都与儿童的财务状况和健康状况相关。尽管儿童健康的直接和间接影响在各个地区都相当适度和同质，但尤其是儿童财务状况对退休后生活质量的直接影响表现出明显的南北梯度，在南欧最为明显。对地区差异的潜在解释是国家福利体系的差异。

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