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Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger

机译:线粒体系统描记术阐明了濒临灭绝的里海虎的起源及其与东北虎的关系

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摘要

The Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) flourished in Central Asian riverine forest systems in a range disjunct from that of other tigers, but was driven to extinction in 1970 prior to a modern molecular evaluation. For over a century naturalists puzzled over the taxonomic validity, placement, and biogeographic origin of this enigmatic animal. Using ancient-DNA (aDNA) methodology, we generated composite mtDNA haplotypes from twenty wild Caspian tigers from throughout their historic range sampled from museum collections. We found that Caspian tigers carry a major mtDNA haplotype differing by only a single nucleotide from the monomorphic haplotype found across all contemporary Amur tigers (P. t. altaica). Phylogeographic analysis with extant tiger subspecies suggests that less than 10,000 years ago the Caspian/Amur tiger ancestor colonized Central Asia via the Gansu Corridor (Silk Road) from eastern China then subsequently traversed Siberia eastward to establish the Amur tiger in the Russian Far East. The conservation implications of these findings are far reaching, as the observed genetic depletion characteristic of modern Amur tigers likely reflects these founder migrations and therefore predates human influence. Also, due to their evolutionary propinquity, living Amur tigers offer an appropriate genetic source should reintroductions to the former range of the Caspian tiger be implemented.
机译:里海虎(Panthera tigris virgata)在中亚河沿森林系统中繁衍生息,其范围与其他虎相去甚远,但在进行现代分子评估之前于1970年灭绝。一个多世纪以来,博物学家对这种神秘动物的分类学有效性,位置和生物地理起源感到困惑。使用远古DNA(aDNA)方法,我们从二十只野生里海虎的历史范围(从博物馆收藏中取样)中生成了复合mtDNA单倍型。我们发现里海虎携带的主要mtDNA单倍型与所有当代阿穆尔虎(P. t。altaica)的单态单倍型仅相差一个核苷酸。对现存老虎亚种的种系学分析表明,不到一万年前,里海/阿穆尔虎的祖先从中国东部经甘肃走廊(丝绸之路)定居中亚,然后向东穿越西伯利亚在俄罗斯远东地区建立了阿穆尔虎。这些发现的保护意义是深远的,因为观察到的现代阿穆尔虎的遗传枯竭特征很可能反映了这些创始人的迁徙,因此早于人类的影响。此外,由于其进化的先驱性,如果实施对里海虎原种的重新引入,活着的阿穆尔虎将提供适当的遗传资源。

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