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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Clinical Trials >Effects of Hydrographic Variability on the Spatial Seasonal and Diel Diving Patterns of Southern Elephant Seals in the Eastern Weddell Sea
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Effects of Hydrographic Variability on the Spatial Seasonal and Diel Diving Patterns of Southern Elephant Seals in the Eastern Weddell Sea

机译：水文变异性对东部韦德海南象海豹的空间季节和Diel潜水模式的影响

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摘要

Weddell Sea hydrography and circulation is driven by influx of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at its eastern margin. Entrainment and upwelling of this high-nutrient, oxygen-depleted water mass within the Weddell Gyre also supports the mesopelagic ecosystem within the gyre and the rich benthic community along the Antarctic shelf. We used Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Satellite Relay Data Loggers (CTD-SRDLs) to examine the importance of hydrographic variability, ice cover and season on the movements and diving behavior of southern elephant seals in the eastern Weddell Sea region during their overwinter feeding trips from Bouvetøya. We developed a model describing diving depth as a function of local time of day to account for diel variation in diving behavior. Seals feeding in pelagic ice-free waters during the summer months displayed clear diel variation, with daytime dives reaching 500-1500 m and night-time targeting of the subsurface temperature and salinity maxima characteristic of CDW around 150–300 meters. This pattern was especially clear in the Weddell Cold and Warm Regimes within the gyre, occurred in the ACC, but was absent at the Dronning Maud Land shelf region where seals fed benthically. Diel variation was almost absent in pelagic feeding areas covered by winter sea ice, where seals targeted deep layers around 500–700 meters. Thus, elephant seals appear to switch between feeding strategies when moving between oceanic regimes or in response to seasonal environmental conditions. While they are on the shelf, they exploit the locally-rich benthic ecosystem, while diel patterns in pelagic waters in summer are probably a response to strong vertical migration patterns within the copepod-based pelagic food web. Behavioral flexibility that permits such switching between different feeding strategies may have important consequences regarding the potential for southern elephant seals to adapt to variability or systematic changes in their environment resulting from climate change.
机译：威德尔海的水文和环流是由南极绕极洋流（ACC）在其东部边缘流入的绕极深水（CDW）驱动的。 Weddell Gyre内高营养，贫氧的水团的夹带和上升也支持了南极大陆架上的回旋和丰富的底栖生物群落中的近生生态系统。我们使用电导率-温度-深度卫星中继数据记录器（CTD-SRDLs）来研究水文变异性，冰盖和季节对韦德尔海东部地区南象海豹在冬季越冬取食旅行期间的运动和潜水行为的重要性Bouvetøya。我们开发了一个模型，将潜水深度描述为当地时间的函数，以解释潜水行为中diel的变化。夏季，在上层无冰水域中饲养的海豹显示出明显的迪尔变化，白天潜水达到500-1500 m，夜间目标为CDW的地下温度和盐度最大值特征在150-300米左右。这种模式在回旋区的Weddell寒冷和温暖地区尤为明显，发生在ACC，但在Dronning Maud Land陆架地区海底海底进食的地区却不存在。在冬季海冰覆盖的中上层觅食区几乎没有Diel变化，那里的海豹瞄准了500-700米左右的深层。因此，海象在海洋环境之间移动或响应季节性环境条件时，似乎在喂养策略之间切换。当它们在架子上时，它们会利用本地丰富的底栖生态系统，而夏季中上层水域的diel模式可能是对基于co足类中上层食物网中强大的垂直迁移模式的响应。允许在不同喂养策略之间进行这种转换的行为灵活性可能会对南部象海豹适应气候变化导致的环境变化或系统变化的潜力产生重要影响。

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