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Phosphorus Containing Polyacrylamides as Flame Retardants for Epoxy-Based Composites in Aviation

机译：含磷聚丙烯酰胺作为航空环氧树脂基复合材料的阻燃剂

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摘要

Novel polymeric flame retardants based on two acrylamides and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) or 5,5-dimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaphosphinane-2-oxide (DDPO) are described for several applications in HexFlow® RTM6, a high-performance epoxy resin. Neat resin samples and carbon fiber-reinforced composites were tested for their glass transition temperatures (dynamic mechanical analysis), thermal stability (thermogravimetric analyses), flammability (UL94) and flame-retardant performance (Cone Calorimetry). Additionally, the fiber degradation occurring during combustion of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resins was observed by scanning electron microscopy to show the fiber protecting effect of these flame retardants. Whereas DOPO-containing polyacrylamides acting mainly in the gas phase showed the best flame retardant efficiency, DDPO-containing polyacrylamides acting mainly in the condensed phase showed the best fiber protection. A mixed polyacrylamide was synthesized to combine these effects. This thermoplastic is soluble in the resin and, therefore, suitable for injection molding processes. Interlaminar shear strength measurements showed no negative effect of the flame retardant. The versatility of these flame retardants is shown by investigations dealing with boehmite as synergist in neat resin samples.
机译：基于两种丙烯酰胺和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷苯并菲-10氧化物（DOPO）或5,5-二甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂膦烷-2-氧化物（DDPO）的新型聚合物阻燃剂）针对高性能环氧树脂HexFlow ® RTM6中的几种应用进行了描述。测试了纯树脂样品和碳纤维增强复合材料的玻璃化转变温度（动态力学分析），热稳定性（热重量分析），可燃性（UL94）和阻燃性能（锥量热）。另外，通过扫描电子显微镜观察到碳纤维增强环氧树脂燃烧期间发生的纤维降解，以显示这些阻燃剂的纤维保护作用。主要在气相中起作用的含DOPO的聚丙烯酰胺具有最佳的阻燃效率，而主要在缩合相中起作用的含DDPO的聚丙烯酰胺具有最佳的纤维保护作用。合成了混合聚丙烯酰胺以结合这些作用。该热塑性塑料可溶于树脂，因此适用于注塑工艺。层间剪切强度测量结果表明该阻燃剂没有负面影响。这些阻燃剂的多功能性通过在纯树脂样品中对勃姆石作为增效剂的研究得到证实。

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