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Built-in loops allow versatility in domain–domain interactions: Lessons from self-interacting domains

机译:内置循环可实现域间交互的多功能性:自交互域的经验教训

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摘要

Compilations of domain–domain interactions based on solved structures suggest there are distinct domain pairs that are used repeatedly in different protein contexts to mediate protein–protein interactions. However, not all protein pairs with the corresponding domains that can potentially mediate interaction do interact, even when they are colocalized and coexpressed. It is conceivable that there are structural and sequence features, below the domain level, that play a role in determining the potential of domains to mediate protein–protein interactions. Here, we discover such features by comparing domains that, on the one hand, mediate homodimerization of proteins and, on the other, occur in different proteins that are documented as monomers. Intriguingly, this comparison uncovered surface loops that can be considered as determinants of the interactions. There are enabling loops, which mediate the domain interactions, and disabling loops that prevent the interactions. The presence of the enabling/disabling loops is consistent with the fulfillment/prevention of the interaction and is highly preserved in evolution. This suggests that, along with the preservation of structural elements that enable interaction, evolution maintains elements intended to prevent unwanted interactions. The enabling and disabling loops discovered in this study have implications in prediction of protein–protein interactions, by pointing to the protein regions that determine the interaction. Our results extend the hierarchy of attributes that collectively establish the modularity of domain-mediated protein–protein interactions.
机译:根据已解决的结构进行的域间相互作用的汇编表明,存在不同的域对,它们在不同的蛋白质环境中反复使用以介导蛋白质之间的相互作用。但是,并不是所有具有潜在域介导相互作用的相应结构域的蛋白质对都可以相互作用,即使它们共定位并共表达也是如此。可以想象,在结构域水平以下存在结构和序列特征,这些结构和序列特征在确定结构域介导蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用的潜力中起着作用。在这里,我们通过比较结构域发现了这些特征,这些结构域一方面介导蛋白质的同型二聚化,另一方面在记录为单体的不同蛋白质中发生。有趣的是,这种比较没有发现表面环,可以将其视为相互作用的决定因素。有启用环,它调解了域的交互作用,有禁用环,它阻止了交互作用。启用/禁用循环的存在与交互的实现/预防一致,并且在进化中高度保留。这表明,除了保留能够相互作用的结构元素外,进化还保留了旨在防止有害相互作用的元素。通过指出决定相互作用的蛋白质区域,在这项研究中发现的启用和禁用循环对预测蛋白质之间的相互作用具有影响。我们的结果扩展了属性的层次结构,这些属性共同建立了域介导的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的模块性。

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