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Was skin cancer a selective force for black pigmentation in early hominin evolution?

机译:皮肤癌是人类早期人类进化过程中黑色素沉积的选择性力量吗?

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摘要

Melanin provides a crucial filter for solar UV radiation and its genetically determined variation influences both skin pigmentation and risk of cancer. Genetic evidence suggests that the acquisition of a highly stable melanocortin 1 receptor allele promoting black pigmentation arose around the time of savannah colonization by hominins at some 1–2 Ma. The adaptive significance of dark skin is generally believed to be protection from UV damage but the pathologies that might have had a deleterious impact on survival and/or reproductive fitness, though much debated, are uncertain. Here, I suggest that data on age-associated cancer incidence and lethality in albinos living at low latitudes in both Africa and Central America support the contention that skin cancer could have provided a potent selective force for the emergence of black skin in early hominins.
机译:黑色素为太阳紫外线辐射提供了至关重要的过滤器,其基因决定的变化会影响皮肤色素沉着和患癌的风险。遗传证据表明,在大约1-2 Ma时,人参在大草原上定植时,就出现了促进黑色素沉淀的高度稳定的黑皮质素1受体等位基因的获得。深色皮肤的适应性意义通常被认为可以防止受到紫外线的伤害,但是,尽管存在很多争议,但可能对生存和/或生殖健康产生有害影响的病理仍不确定。在这里,我建议在非洲和中美洲生活在低纬度地区的白化病患者中,与年龄相关的癌症发病率和致死率的数据支持这样的论点,即皮肤癌可能为早期人源性黑皮肤的出现提供了有力的选择力。

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