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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>SAGE Choice >The impact of avulsion on groundwater level and peat formation in delta floodbasins during the middle-Holocene transgression in the Rhine-Meuse delta The Netherlands
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The impact of avulsion on groundwater level and peat formation in delta floodbasins during the middle-Holocene transgression in the Rhine-Meuse delta The Netherlands

机译：荷兰莱茵-默兹三角洲中全新世海侵期间侵蚀对三角洲洪泛盆地地下水位和泥炭形成的影响

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摘要

By redistributing water and sediment in delta plains, avulsions of river branches have major environmental impacts, notably in changing hydrological and peat-forming conditions in floodbasins. The central part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, with its extensive databases including detailed lithological data and high-resolution age control, offers a unique opportunity to study middle-Holocene avulsion impacts on floodbasin groundwater level and peat formation. Avulsion has caused local accelerations of rising groundwater tables to be superimposed on decelerating base-level rise. This is evident from comparing single-site groundwater rise for multiple floodbasins in the river-dominated part of the delta, with regionally averaged groundwater-rise reconstructions. Floodbasin type (lacustrine versus terrestrial wetland), size and openness, partly through effects on discharge dispersal, affect how strongly the floodbasin groundwater tables respond to avulsion-diverted discharge. Cross-sectional lithology repeatedly indicates a shift from high-organic wood peat to low-organic reed peat in the vicinity of the avulsed channel, resulting from changes in water-table regime and nutrient status. Avulsive impact on the floodbasin groundwater table was most pronounced during the transition from transgressive to high-stand stage (between ca. 6000 and 4000 years ago), owing to developing floodbasin compartmentalization (size reduction, confinement) resulting from repeated avulsion. By way of environmental impacts on groundwater tables and vegetation, avulsions thus affect the heterogeneity of floodbasin facies.
机译：通过在三角洲平原重新分配水和沉积物，河道支流的剥蚀会对环境产生重大影响，特别是在改变流域的水文和泥炭形成条件方面。莱茵-默兹三角洲的中部拥有广泛的数据库，包括详细的岩性数据和高分辨率的年龄控制，为研究中全新世的侵蚀对洪泛盆地地下水位和泥炭形成的影响提供了独特的机会。撕脱导致地下水位上升的局部加速作用与基础水平上升的减速作用叠加在一起。通过将三角洲河流为主的部分中多个洪泛流域的单点地下水上升与区域平均地下水上升重建进行比较，可以明显看出这一点。洪盆的类型（湖泊与陆地湿地），大小和开放程度（部分地通过对泄洪扩散的影响）影响着洪盆地下水位对破坏性泄洪反应的强烈程度。断层岩性反复表明，由于地下水位变化和养分状况的变化，在被剥蚀的河道附近，高有机木泥炭向低有机芦苇泥炭转变。在从海侵过渡到高水位阶段（大约在6000到4000年前）期间，对洪水盆地地下水位的破坏性影响最为明显，这是由于反复撕裂导致洪水盆地划分（尺寸减小，封闭）所致。撕蚀通过对地下水位和植被的环境影响，从而影响了流域相的非均质性。

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