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The unequal variance signal-detection model of recognition memory:Investigating the encoding variability hypothesis

机译：识别存储器的不等方差信号检测模型：调查编码变异假设

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摘要

Despite the unequal variance signal-detection (UVSD) model’s prominence as amodel of recognition memory, a psychological explanation for the unequalvariance assumption has yet to be verified. According to the encodingvariability hypothesis, old item memory strength variance (σ ) isgreater than that of new items because items are incremented by variable, ratherthan fixed, amounts of strength at encoding. Conditions that increase encodingvariability should therefore result in greater estimates of σ . Weconducted three experiments to test this prediction. In Experiment 1, encodingvariability was manipulated by presenting items for a fixed or variable(normally distributed) duration at study. In Experiment 2, we used anattentional manipulation whereby participants studied items while performing anauditory one-back task in which distractors were presented at fixed or variableintervals. In Experiment 3, participants studied stimuli with either high or lowvariance in word frequency. Across experiments, estimates of σ wereunaffected by our attempts to manipulate encoding variability, even though themanipulations weakly affected subsequent recognition. Instead, estimates ofσ tended to be positively correlated with estimates of the meandifference in strength between new and studied items ( ), asmight be expected if σ generally scales with . Ourresults show that it is surprisingly hard to successfully manipulate encodingvariability, and they provide a signpost for others seeking to test the encodingvariability hypothesis.

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