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Theories of truth and teaching clinical reasoning and problem solving

机译:真理理论与临床推理和问题解决教学

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摘要

In this paper, we will first discuss two current meta-theories dealing with different, aspects of “truth”. The first metatheory conceives of truth in terms of coherence (rationality, consistency): a body of knowledge is true when it contains no inconsistencies and has at least some credibility. The second metatheory conceives of truth as correspondence, i.e., empirical accuracy. The two metatheories supplement each other, but are also incommensurable, i.e., they cannot be expressed in each other’s terms, for they employ completely different criteria to establish truth (Englebretsen in Bare facts and naked truths: a new correspondence theory of truth, Routledge, London, ). We will discuss both the role of both metatheories in medicine, in particular in medical education in a clinical context. In line with Hammond’s view (Med Decis Mak 16(3):281–287, ; Human judgment and social policy: irreducible uncertainty, inevitable error, unavoidable injustice, Oxford University Press, New York, ), we will extend the two metatheories to two forms of competence: coherence competence and correspondence competence, and demonstrate that distinguishing these two forms of competence increases our insights as to the best way to teach undergraduate students clinical problem solving.
机译:在本文中,我们将首先讨论涉及“真相”不同方面的两种当前的元理论。第一个元理论从连贯性(合理性,一致性)的角度出发,对真理进行了构想:一个知识体系如果不包含任何矛盾并且至少具有一定的可信度,那么它就是真实的。第二个元理论将真理视为对应关系,即经验准确性。两种元理论是相辅相成的,但又是不可估量的,即它们不能用彼此的术语来表达,因为它们采用了完全不同的标准来建立真理(Englebretsen涉及裸露的事实和裸露的真理:一种新的真理对应理论,Routledge,伦敦)。我们将讨论两种元理论在医学中的作用,特别是在临床背景下的医学教育中。根据哈蒙德的观点(Med Decis Mak 16(3):281–287 ,;人类的判断力和社会政策:不可避免的不确定性,不可避免的错误,不可避免的不公正,牛津大学出版社,纽约,),我们将把两种元理论扩展到能力的两种形式:相干能力和对应能力,并证明区分这两种能力可以提高我们对教授本科生临床问题解决的最佳方法的见识。

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