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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Springer Open Choice >Evaluation of the impact of construction products on the environment by leaching of possibly hazardous substances
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Evaluation of the impact of construction products on the environment by leaching of possibly hazardous substances

机译：通过沥滤可能有害的物质评估建筑产品对环境的影响

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Construction products are in contact with water (e.g., rain, seepage water) during their service lifetime and may release potentially harmful compounds by leaching processes. Monitoring studies showed that compounds attributed to construction products are found in storm water and the receiving bodies of water and that the release of biocides in urban areas can be comparable to the input of pesticides from agricultural uses. Therefore, a prospective risk assessment of such products is necessary. Laboratory leaching tests have been developed by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 and are ready to use. One major task in the future will be the evaluation of the leaching test results, as concentrations found in laboratory experiments are not directly comparable to the field situations. Another task will be the selection of compounds to be considered for construction products, which are often a complex mixture and contain additives, pigments, stabilization agents, etc. The formulations of the products may serve as a starting point, but total content is a poor predictor for leachability, and analysis of the eluates is necessary. In some cases, non-targeted approaches might be required to identify compounds in the eluates. In the identification process, plausibility checks referring to available information should be included. Ecotoxicological tests are a complementary method to test eluates, and the combined effects of all compounds—including degradation products—are included. A bio test battery has been applied in a round robin test and was published in a guidance document. Published studies on the ecotoxicity of construction products show the tests’ suitability to distinguish between products with small and larger effects on the environment.
机译：建筑产品在使用寿命期间会与水（例如，雨水，渗水）接触，并可能通过浸出过程释放出可能有害的化合物。监测研究表明，在雨水和水的接收体中发现了归因于建筑产品的化合物，城市地区杀生物剂的释放量可与农业用途的农药投入量相比。因此，有必要对此类产品进行前瞻性风险评估。技术委员会CEN / TC 351已开发了实验室浸出测试，可以立即使用。将来的一项主要任务是评估浸出测试结果，因为实验室实验中发现的浓度不能与现场情况直接比较。另一个任务是选择建筑产品要考虑的化合物，这些化合物通常是复杂的混合物，并且包含添加剂，颜料，稳定剂等。产品的配方可能是一个起点，但总含量很低浸出率的预测因子，并需要对洗脱液进行分析。在某些情况下，可能需要采用非靶向方法来鉴定洗脱液中的化合物。在识别过程中，应包括参考可用信息的真实性检查。生态毒理学测试是测试洗脱液的一种补充方法，并且包括所有化合物（包括降解产物）的综合作用。生物测试电池已用于循环测试，并已发布在指导文件中。已发表的有关建筑产品生态毒性的研究表明，该测试适用于区分对环境影响较小和较大的产品。

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