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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Springer Open Choice >Tectonic evolution and paleokarstification of carbonate rocks in the Paleozoic Tarim Basin
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Tectonic evolution and paleokarstification of carbonate rocks in the Paleozoic Tarim Basin

机译：塔里木盆地古生界碳酸盐岩的构造演化与古岩溶

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Thick carbonate rocks were developed in the depression of the Tarim craton during the Cambrian–Middle Ordovician periods. The compressional tectonic movement during the Middle Caledonian–Hercynian created the paleouplifts, which became the base for the paleokarst in the Ordovician carbonate rocks. Based on the large quantity of seismic, drilling, and geological outcrop data, this study analyzed the paleokarst development in relation to the multi-stage tectonic movements in the Paleozoic Era and different stages of karstification and hypothesized paleogeomorphology and paleokarst water system of those stages. Fractures from the tectonic movements in the carbonate and non-carbonate rocks were essential for water cycle, and therefore, the karst development in deep carbonate rocks. Paleokarsts in the Tarim Basin can be classified into four major types based on the paleogeomorphology, degree of karstification, and the layering, i.e., Tahe type, gentle hill type, high steep hill type, and covered-semi-open type. Relatively, the Tahe type was mostly on hill slopes and had the strongest karstification, the gentle hill type often located in the plain areas or basin bottoms and had least karstification, the high steep hill type was controlled by faults and had medium karstification, the semi-open type was controlled by precipitation and hydraulic gradient, and fracture passages and karst caves were mostly developed along major fractures. Overall, the paleokarsts of the Ordovician carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin can be characterized by long geologic history, multiple development stages, deep burial depth, and various karst types.
机译：在寒武纪至中奥陶纪时期，塔里木克拉通凹陷处发育了厚厚的碳酸盐岩。中古苏格兰-海西时期的压缩构造运动形成了古隆起，这成为奥陶纪碳酸盐岩中古喀斯特的基础。基于大量的地震，钻探和地质露头数据，本研究分析了古生代与古生代多阶段构造运动以及岩溶化的不同阶段以及假设的古地貌学和古冈水系统有关的古冈发育。碳酸盐岩和非碳酸盐岩中构造运动的破裂对于水循环至关重要，因此，深部碳酸盐岩中的岩溶发育。根据古地貌，岩溶程度和层积，塔里木盆地古岩溶可分为四种主要类型，即塔河型，缓坡型，高陡坡型和有盖半露天型。相对而言，塔河型多为山坡，岩溶最强，平缓的山型常位于平原或盆地底部，岩溶程度最小，高陡山型受断层控制，岩溶程度中等，半露头类型受降水和水力梯度控制，沿主要裂缝发育裂缝通道和岩溶洞穴。总体而言，塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩的古岩溶具有悠久的地质历史，多个发育阶段，深埋藏深度和各种岩溶类型。

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