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Formalization of the classification pattern: survey of classification modeling in information systems engineering

机译：分类模式的形式化：信息系统工程中的分类建模调查

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Formalization is becoming more common in all stages of the development of information systems, as a better understanding of its benefits emerges. Classification systems are ubiquitous, no more so than in domain modeling. The classification pattern that underlies these systems provides a good case study of the move toward formalization in part because it illustrates some of the barriers to formalization, including the formal complexity of the pattern and the ontological issues surrounding the “one and the many.” Powersets are a way of characterizing the (complex) formal structure of the classification pattern, and their formalization has been extensively studied in mathematics since Cantor’s work in the late nineteenth century. One can use this formalization to develop a useful benchmark. There are various communities within information systems engineering (ISE) that are gradually working toward a formalization of the classification pattern. However, for most of these communities, this work is incomplete, in that they have not yet arrived at a solution with the expressiveness of the powerset benchmark. This contrasts with the early smooth adoption of powerset by other information systems communities to, for example, formalize relations. One way of understanding the varying rates of adoption is recognizing that the different communities have different historical baggage. Many conceptual modeling communities emerged from work done on database design, and this creates hurdles to the adoption of the high level of expressiveness of powersets. Another relevant factor is that these communities also often feel, particularly in the case of domain modeling, a responsibility to explain the semantics of whatever formal structures they adopt. This paper aims to make sense of the formalization of the classification pattern in ISE and surveys its history through the literature, starting from the relevant theoretical works of the mathematical literature and gradually shifting focus to the ISE literature. The literature survey follows the evolution of ISE’s understanding of how to formalize the classification pattern. The various proposals are assessed using the classical example of classification; the Linnaean taxonomy formalized using powersets as a benchmark for formal expressiveness. The broad conclusion of the survey is that (1) the ISE community is currently in the early stages of the process of understanding how to formalize the classification pattern, particularly in the requirements for expressiveness exemplified by powersets, and (2) that there is an opportunity to intervene and speed up the process of adoption by clarifying this expressiveness. Given the central place that the classification pattern has in domain modeling, this intervention has the potential to lead to significant improvements.
机译：随着对信息系统益处的更好理解，形式化在信息系统开发的所有阶段都变得越来越普遍。分类系统无处不在，仅在领域建模中如此。这些系统基础的分类模式提供了一个向正规化迈进的很好的案例研究，部分原因是它说明了正规化的一些障碍，包括模式的形式复杂性以及围绕“一个和多个”的本体论问题。幂集是表征分类模式的（复杂）形式结构的一种方法，自19世纪末坎托尔的工作以来，幂集的形式已在数学中进行了广泛研究。可以使用这种形式化来制定有用的基准。信息系统工程（ISE）中有各种各样的社区正在逐步致力于分类模式的形式化。但是，对于这些社区中的大多数而言，这项工作是不完整的，因为他们尚未就Powerset基准的表现力达成解决方案。这与其他信息系统社区早日顺利采用powerset（例如，建立关系）形成对比。理解采用率不同的一种方法是认识到不同的社区有不同的历史包bag。许多概念性建模社区是从数据库设计工作中涌现出来的，这为采用高水平的Powerset表现力创造了障碍。另一个相关因素是，这些社区也常常感到，特别是在域建模的情况下，有责任解释其采用的任何形式结构的语义。本文旨在弄清ISE中分类模式的形式化意义，并通过文献综述其历史，从数学文献的相关理论著作入手，并逐渐将重点转移到ISE文献上。文献调查遵循ISE对如何规范分类模式的理解的演变。使用经典的分类示例评估各种建议。 Linnaean分类法使用幂集作为形式表达的基准进行了形式化。该调查的广泛结论是：（1）ISE社区目前处于了解如何形式化分类模式的早期阶段，尤其是在以幂集为代表的表达性要求方面；以及（2）有一个通过澄清这种表达方式来干预和加快采用过程的机会。考虑到分类模式在领域建模中的核心地位，这种干预措施有可能带来重大改进。

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